Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Stelzer, Ingeborg; Kröpfl, Julia M.; Fuchs, Robert; Pekovits, Karin; Mangge, Harald; Raggam, Reinhard B.; Gruber, Hans-Jürgen; Prüller, Florian; Hofmann, Peter; Truschnig-Wilders, Martini; Obermayer–Pietsch, Barbara; Haushofer, Alexander; Kessler, Harald H.; Mächler, P.

doi:10.1111/sms.12347

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Lymphocytes and WBC returned to baseline 1 h after exercise. The same pattern occurred in other 3 studies: Degerstrøm and Østerud (2006) with increases at 2 h after exercise, Connolly et al (2004) with increases at 1 h after exercise and Stelzer et al (2015) with increases immediately after exercise. These increases in WBC were reportedly due to lymphocytes and granulocytes in the Degerstrøm and Østerud (2006) study; due to neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in the Stelzer et al (2015) study; and due to lymphocytes and monocytes in the Connolly et al (2004) study.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Peripheral Blood Leukocytessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The age of the individuals ranged from 18 to 53 years (35.9 ± 17.0). Some of the results were from studies of mixed gender (Abbasi et al, 2013;Stelzer et al, 2015) and the remainder from male volunteers only (Brenner et al, 1999;Mucci et al, 1999;Ostrowski et al, 1999;Connolly et al, 2004;Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006;Fatouros et al, 2006;Spiropoulos et al, 2010;Bernecker et al, 2011;Nieman et al, 2012;Bonsignore et al, 2013;Draganidis et al, 2013;Marklund et al, 2013;Azizbeigi et al, 2015;Gonzalo-Calvo et al, 2015;Ulven et al, 2015;Wadley et al, 2015). In the studies where the volunteers did more than one bout of exercise in different intensities, the resting period was highly variable: 1 month (Gonzalo-Calvo et al, 2015), 3 weeks (Draganidis et al, 2013), 2 weeks (Brenner et al, 1999), 1 week (Mucci et al, 1999;Ulven et al, 2015;Wadley et al, 2015), or 5 days (Fatouros et al, 2006).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Interventional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of WBC increased after intense exercise in 7 studies (Bonsignore et al, 2001;Connolly et al, 2004;Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006;Spiropoulos et al, 2010;Nieman et al, 2012;Gonzalo-Calvo et al, 2015;Stelzer et al, 2015). Abbasi et al (2013) evaluated the effect of high-intensity exercise and observed an increase in WBC numbers 30 min after exercise.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Peripheral Blood Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background: Exercise leads to a robust inflammatory response mainly characterized by the mobilization of leukocytes and an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells and directly from the active muscle tissue. Both positive and negative effects on immune function and susceptibility to minor illness have been observed following different training protocols. While engaging in moderate activity may enhance immune function above sedentary levels, excessive amounts of prolonged, high-intensity exercise may impair immune function. Thus, the aim of the present review was to clarify the inflammatory effects in response to different exercise intensities. Methods: Search was performed on PubMed and was completed on July 31st, 2017. The studies were eligible if they met the predefined inclusion criteria: a) observational or interventional studies, b) conducted in healthy adults (18-65 years), c) written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, d) including moderate and/or intense exercise. Eighteen articles were included. The specific components that were examined included circulating blood levels of cytokines, leukocytes, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Results: Most of the intervention studies showed changes in the assessed biomarkers, although these changes were not consistent. White blood cells (WBC) had an increase immediately after intensive exercise (> 64% VO 2max), without alteration after moderate exercise (46-64% VO 2max). The results suggested an elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, followed by an elevation of IL-10 that were more evident after intense exercise bouts. CRP increased both after intense and moderate exercise, with peak increases up to 28 h. CK increased only after intensive and long exercising. Conclusion: In summary, intense long exercise can lead, in general, to higher levels of inflammatory mediators, and thus might increase the risk of injury and chronic inflammation. In contrast, moderate exercise or vigorous exercise with appropriate resting periods can achieve maximum benefit.

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Section: Effects Of Exercise On Peripheral Blood Leukocytessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Characteristics Of the Interventional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Peripheral Blood Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the fact that IL-6 is recognized as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, acute exercise can induce an increase in IL-6 secretion from muscle cells with anti-inflammatory effects such as reduction of nucler-kappa beta factor expression in mononuclear cells, a master regulator of pro inflammatory transcription of DNA, and stimulation of T2 cytokines [29]. Marathons and ultra-endurance exercise can induce an elevation in order to 100x of IL-6 levels in serum of athletes after the bout [31,32].The increases in serum concentrations of IL-6 observed in our study was more attenuated, however, we cannot rule out that these differences in IL-6 after the running may be related to the duration of the race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Running Practice Modulates Inflammatory Markers and not Alters Global DNA Methylation in Elderly Men

Cunha¹,

Figueiredo²,

Dorneles³

et al. 2017

JESO

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Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate 1) the impact of the regular running practice 2) as well the acute effect of running race on inflammatory markers and DNA methylation status in peripheral blood of health elderly men. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers aged 60 years and older were recruited. They were allocated in two groups: runners (RUN, n=8) and sedentary (SED, n=7), considering if they were sedentary or amateur street runners. All participants, SED and RUN groups, were submitted to a basal blood collection. After 5 days, two blood samples were collected in the RUN group: 30 min before and immediately after a 5-10km outdoor running performance.The blood samples (15mL) were collected for the epigenetic and inflammatory measurements, which were done using specific kits, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: FIn the basal period, no significant differences were observed on DNA global methylation status between the SED and RUN groups. However, the SED group showed increased IL-4 and IL-6 levels when compared to the RUN individuals (p= 0,040 and 0,035, respectively). The IL-6 and IL-4 levels were significantly higher in the EXE group after the running performance compared to the before running period (p=0,004 and 0,013 respectively), while DNA methylation status remained unaltered. Conclusion: Our data suggest that DNA methylation status might not be consider a potential biomarker related to the healthy elderly runners phenotype. Furthermore, the inflammatory response may indicate a possible regulatory effect provided by the endurance exercise in the elderly group because IL-4 and IL-6 are synergic cytokines directing an immune response.

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“…Increased CRP levels reflect the prolonged inflammatory status, caused probably by systemic cytokine response. 9 It may also influence inflammatory processes resulting in fibrinogen concentrations, 10 fibrin architecture, 11 and accelerate both prothrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified thrombin formation and fibrinolysis in an ultra‐endurance marathon swimmer

Stępień

Kwaśniewska

Rębowska

et al. 2017

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise—A Systematic Review

Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise—A Systematic Review

The Running Practice Modulates Inflammatory Markers and not Alters Global DNA Methylation in Elderly Men

Modified thrombin formation and fibrinolysis in an ultra‐endurance marathon swimmer

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