Ultra-Deep Desulfurization of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel over Nickel-Based Sorbents in the Presence of Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Applications

Sentorun-Shalaby, Cigdem; Ma, Xiaoliang; Chen, Song

doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1088.ch004

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Substantial advances have been achieved in new catalyst developments and new reactor technologies along with improved processes for producing low-sulfur gasoline and diesel fuels. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The major sulfur compounds existing in current commercial diesel are the alkyl dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) with one or two alkyl groups at 4-or/and 6-positions, which have been considered to be the refractory sulfur compounds in the fuel due to the steric hindrance of the alkyl groups in HDS. 9,[12][13][14][15][16] Consequently, it is difficult or very costly to use the existing HDS technology to reduce the sulfur in diesel fuel to less than 10 ppmw 8-9, 12, 15-17 On the other hand, it has been observed that the nitrogen compounds coexisting in middle-distillate oil inhibit the ultra-deep HDS and the removal of such nitrogen compounds from the middle-distillate oil can improve significantly the ultra-deep HDS performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Removal Solutions for Liquid-Fueled Fuel Cell Operation on ULSD Fuels

2013

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The Ni-based desulfurization (De-S) sorbent selected by this study can efficiently removes the most refractory and intractable organic sulfur compounds from commercial ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel to [S] < 1 ppmw through screening of the De-S materials, optimizations of operating conditions at micro-reactor, and design, fabrication and testing at a full-scale novel De-S reactor, which has the characteristics of no H 2 addition to desulfurizer required, recovering energy from hot De-S diesel stream to cold un-De-S diesel fed into the De-S bed, allowing easy serviceability including loading/reloading of De-S sorbent and meeting the need of the designed rate for 10 KW e FP (fuel processor)/FC (fuel cell) APU (accelerated power unit) system. As an alternative approach of pre-ATR (autothermal reforming) liquid-phase sulfur removal, a processing technology based on a combination of sulfur tolerant ATR catalyst with a following H 2 S trap is also developed. Catalyst formulation, substrate property, preheating & vaporization, mixing and distribution of liquid HC fuels, reactor design and controls play the equally important roles for the performance of sulfurtolerant ATR. SMSI (strong metal support interaction) is a key factor for sulfur-tolerant ATR catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Removal Solutions for Liquid-Fueled Fuel Cell Operation on ULSD Fuels

2013

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Evolution of nickel species in reactive adsorption desulfurization of benzothiophene

Sun

et al. 2022

Separation and Purification Technology

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Diesel Fuel Desulfurization via Adsorption with the Aid of Activated Carbon: Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Studies

et al. 2015

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The present work is an experimental investigation of commercial diesel fuel liquid desulfurization via adsorption under mild conditions. The sorbent employed was a commercial high surface area activated carbon (AC) and studies involved both lab-and pilot-scale experiments performed in dedicated fixed bed setups. Under lab-scale conditions, maximum sulfur removal measured exceeded 90%, while according to breakthrough curves obtained the total sulfur content remained below 2 ppmw for up to 20-22 ml processed diesel/g AC. Process scaling-up by a factor of 15 showed a moderate negative effect, with the respective breakthrough fuel amount (total sulfur ≤ 2 ppmw) being approximately 15-17 processed fuel/g sorbent. Several sorbent regeneration strategies were studied under lab-scale conditions. The one with the highest restoration of initial (i.e. fresh state) AC performance involved heating under vacuum (200 mbara) up to 200 o C and subsequent washing of the material with a binary organic solvent. The amount of solvent required was 50-55 ml /g sorbent. However, even under such conditions, desulfurization performance was only partially restored upon repeated desulfurization/regeneration cycles. From the 2 nd and up to 7 th cycle, desulfurization efficiency of the material was essentially stable but from cycle number 8 and on further performance degradation was identified. Based on fresh/regenerated sorbent post analysis, it was found that cycle-to-cycle degradation was due to gradual decrease of the sorbent's surface area, mainly attributed to residual amounts of diesel-derived species remained in its structure thereby partially blocking its porosity. The main properties of processed fuel remained essentially unaffected, however removal of di-and poly-aromatic compounds was notable.

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Ultra-Deep Desulfurization of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel over Nickel-Based Sorbents in the Presence of Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Sulfur Removal Solutions for Liquid-Fueled Fuel Cell Operation on ULSD Fuels

Sulfur Removal Solutions for Liquid-Fueled Fuel Cell Operation on ULSD Fuels

Evolution of nickel species in reactive adsorption desulfurization of benzothiophene

Diesel Fuel Desulfurization via Adsorption with the Aid of Activated Carbon: Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Studies

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