Ultra-broadband high performance distributed Raman amplifier employing pump modulation

Fludger, C.R.S.; Handerek, V.A.; Jolley, N.E.; Mears, R.J.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2002.1036291

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A nondegenerated FWM of three pumps to generate a fourth signal wavelength for forward-and backward-pumped DRAs was experimentally observed over 50 km of true-wave (TW) fiber [6]. A degenerated FWM of two pump wavelengths to generate a third signal wavelength for the backward-pumped DRA was obtained over 80 km of TW fiber [7]. Severe degradation of the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) via elevated noise floors from FWM between pumps and signals [8] was experimentally observed in a bidirectionally pumped DRA over a 100-km nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZ-DSF) with a zero-dispersion wavelength lying midway between copropagating pumps and signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a distributed raman amplifier

Kung

Chang

Dung

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We observed experimentally four-wave mixing (FWM) between a 14xx-nm pump and a 15xx-nm signal in a forward-pumped distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) over 50 km of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber with a zero dispersion wavelength of 1497 nm. The 100-mW pump Fabry-Pérot (FP) spectra centered at 1440, 1450, and 1460 nm are reproduced via FWM around the single-wavelength probe signal around 1558, 1548, and 1538 nm, respectively. The suppression of DRA gain by about 2-3 dB was experimentally observed with peak FWM at minimum phase mismatching between two 14xx-nm FP pump wavelengths and two 15xx-nm signal wavelengths. This DRA gain suppression, together with the reproduced pump FP spectrum at 15xx-nm signal band, may limit the usefulness of the forward-pumped DRA, generating spectrally nonuniform FWM-induced noise floors and crosstalk in wavelength-division-multiplexed fiber-optic transmission systems. Index Terms-Distributed Raman amplifier (DRA), four-wave mixing (FWM), nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZ-DSF).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a distributed raman amplifier

Kung

Chang

Dung

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Two different approaches to TDM pumping scheme are in principle possible: several fixed wavelength lasers were optically combined together as in the case of WDM continuous wave pumping but individual lasers were operated in pulsed regime at separate time slots [12][13][14]. Moreover, strong products of four-wave mixing between the pumps can fall in the signal band when dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is used as transmission medium [1 l].Time division multiplexing (TDM) of pulsed pumps has been proposed to overcome the above mentioned deficiencies of multi-wavelength CW-pumped RFAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TDM-pumped RFA Assisted Transmission of 20x10 GE Channels over 364 km in a Three Span Link

Karásek¹,

Vojtěch²,

Radil³

2010

Journal of Optical Communications

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We present experimental results on application of timedivision multiplexed (TDM) pumping in a transmission of twenty 10GE channels over 364km long fiber link. The link is composed of 3 spans mixing 264km of nonzero dispersion shifted (NZ DSF) and 100km of conventional single-mode fiber (SSMF). Distributed Raman amplification in the 3 fiber spans is realized by counter-directional TDM pumping and assisted by booster EDFA and EDFA preamplifier. Error free transmission is checked by measuring bit error ratio.

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“…Some of these advances are the novel Raman pumping schemes recently used in transmission experiments. The main newly schemes studied are: co-pumping for broad-band amplifiers, in which the OSNR tilt across the signal band is compensated [13,14]; time-dependent Raman counter-pumping scheme where impairments such as pump-pump FWM [15] and the OSNR tilt [16] are seriously reduced [17][18][19][20][21] and high-order Raman pumping scheme to improve the span noise figure in a counter-pumping configuration or for a copumping scheme, allows more signal power to be launched before nonlinear distortions dominate [22,23]. Recently, there has been much investigation in order to obtain devices to amplify or generate light using stimulated Raman scattering in silicon [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated Raman Scattering and its Applications in Optical Communications and Optical Sensors

Baptista

Costa²,

Barbero³

et al. 2009

TOOPTSJ

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This review presents the stimulated Raman scattering and its applications in three areas: optical amplification, multiwavelength lasers and optical sensing. It is presented the basic concept of the Raman Scattering (SRS) phenomenon focusing in the in-line distributed/discrete Raman amplification applications and in multiwavelength generation for optical communications. The use of stimulated Raman scattering in optical sensors is also reviewed. Finally, the recent use of photonic crystal fibers and waveguide devices to generate the Raman effect is also addressed. © Frazão et al.; Licensee Bentham Open. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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Ultra-broadband high performance distributed Raman amplifier employing pump modulation

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a distributed raman amplifier

Four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a distributed raman amplifier

TDM-pumped RFA Assisted Transmission of 20x10 GE Channels over 364 km in a Three Span Link

Stimulated Raman Scattering and its Applications in Optical Communications and Optical Sensors

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