Ultra barrier flexible substrates for flat panel displays

Burrows, P. E.; Graff, Gordon L.; Gross, M.; Martin, Peter M.; Shi, M. K.; Hall, Maurice C.; Mast, Eric S.; Bonham, Charles C.; Bennett, Wendy D.; Sullivan, Michael B.

doi:10.1016/s0141-9382(00)00064-0

Cited by 293 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Layered materials based on such thin film structures enable extremely low gas permeability, which could be suitable for advanced applications in the field of polymer-based displays [2]. A number of recent studies have shown that the defect structure of the coating control the oxygen and water vapor permeability of the coated film [3,4], as also its mechanical behavior such as cohesive and adhesive properties [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of substrate additives on the mechanical properties of ultrathin oxide coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Rochat¹,

Leterrier²,

Fayet³

et al. 2005

Surface and Coatings Technology

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The mechanical properties of ultrathin silicon oxide (SiO x ) coatings plasma-deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films were investigated with particular attention paid to the effect of additives located in the superficial layers of the polymer substrate. The cohesive and adhesive properties of the thin oxide coating were derived from the analysis of fragmentation tests carried out in situ in a scanning electron microscope. The cohesive strength of the coating was determined assuming a Weibull probability of failure of the oxide, and the coating/ substrate interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was calculated by means of a stress transfer analysis with a perfectly plastic interface. It was shown that the presence of additives in the superficial layers of PET substrates leads to a 20% decrease of the crack onset strain, which is due to an increase of the coating defect density, as revealed by means of atomic oxygen etching. The stress concentration induced by coating microdefects was modeled, and was shown to induce a decrease in the cohesive properties of the coating, which correlates with the observed decrease of crack onset strain. Moreover, the adhesion was found to be very high, with a IFSS higher than the substrate bulk shear stress at yield, irrespective of the presence of additives. D

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of substrate additives on the mechanical properties of ultrathin oxide coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Rochat¹,

Leterrier²,

Fayet³

et al. 2005

Surface and Coatings Technology

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show abstract

“…These barriers must be pin-hole free, robust, and tolerant to high temperatures that will occur when devices are driven for high brightness. These barriers need to transmit <10 -6 g/m 2 /day of water and <10 -5 cc/m 2 /day of oxygen to ensure adequate OLED lifetimes [Burrows et al 2001]. Furthermore, these targets will have to be met at low cost over large areas and in a manufacturing environment.…”

Section: Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Research Needs for Solid-State Lighting. Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solid-State Lighting, May 22-24, 2006

Phillips¹,

Burrows²,

Davis³

et al. 2006

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Solid-state lighting relies on the conversion of electricity to visible white light using solid materials. By taking advantage of direct electricity-to-light conversion rather than processes in which light is the by-product of another conversion, as with traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting, it promises unprecedented, near-100% conversion efficiency.Today's solid-state lighting technology, however, requires a fifteen-fold improvement to achieve such conversion efficiencies. The reason is that, to become the standard light source of the 21st century, conversion efficiency must be improved while simultaneously achieving low cost and "high quality" (a human visual experience similar to that provided by sunlight).The front cover is an artistic stylization of a "chromaticity diagram," a common tool that can be used to describe how colors can combine to create the human visual impression of white.White can be produced from as few as two colors, but "highquality" white requires many (e.g., red, yellow, green, and blue) colors. The tessellation overlaid on the chromaticity diagram is suggestive of photonic crystals (nanometer-scale periodic modulations of optical materials that can affect the directionality of light), a frontier area of interdisciplinary science being applied to solid-state lighting.This report outlines basic research needs that could enable solid-state lighting to achieve its potential. The research needs support two overarching challenges: (1) fundamental understanding of light-emitting materials and nanostructures leading to solid-state lighting structures rationally designed from the ground up and (2) control of the competing pathways by which electricity is converted into light not heat so that every injected electron produces a useful photon. Successfully addressing these two challenges promises to enable energy-efficient, cost-effective, high-quality white light that will save energy and benefit the environment. BASIC RESEARCH NEEDS FOR SOLID-STATE LIGHTING EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSince fire was first harnessed, artificial lighting has gradually broadened the horizons of human civilization. Each new advance in lighting technology, from fat-burning lamps to candles to gas lamps to the incandescent lamp, has extended our daily work and leisure further past the boundaries of sunlit times and spaces. The incandescent lamp did this so dramatically after its invention in the 1870s that the light bulb became the very symbol of a "good idea."Today, modern civilization as we know it could not function without artificial lighting; artificial lighting is so seamlessly integrated into our daily lives that we tend not to notice it until the lights go out. Our dependence is even enshrined in daily language: an interruption of the electricity supply is commonly called a "blackout."This ubiquitous resource, however, uses an enormous amount of energy. There is ample room for reducing this energy and environmental cost. The artificial lighting we take for granted is extremely inefficient primarily because a...

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“…[1][2][3] Thin film barrier encapsulation is investigated in order to replace the current capping method with the aim to reduce the weight, costs, and amount of materials used. This represents a very challenging part in the development of OLEDs which is essential for further development of flexible devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A barrier of that quality can ensure an OLED shelf lifetime larger than 10 yr, 1,4 provided that it does not have defects. These pinholes or defects in the encapsulation can cause the creation nonemissive black spots that significantly reduce the lifetime of an OLED, as it will be addressed in detail below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode encapsulation of organic light emitting diodes by atomic layer deposited Al2O3 films and Al2O3/a-SiNx:H stacks

Keuning

Weijer

Lifka

et al. 2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Ultra barrier flexible substrates for flat panel displays

Cited by 293 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of substrate additives on the mechanical properties of ultrathin oxide coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Influence of substrate additives on the mechanical properties of ultrathin oxide coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Basic Research Needs for Solid-State Lighting. Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solid-State Lighting, May 22-24, 2006

Cathode encapsulation of organic light emitting diodes by atomic layer deposited Al2O3 films and Al2O3/a-SiNx:H stacks

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