Ultimate sensitivity of precision measurements with intense Gaussian quantum light: A multimodal approach

Pinel, Olivier; Fade, Julien; Braun, Daniel; Jian, Pu; Treps, Nicolas; Fabre, Claude

doi:10.1103/physreva.85.010101

Cited by 104 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In optical interferometric applications, it is common to use states of light with an unbounded number of photons, such as coherent or squeezed states4950515253. At a first glance, it is not obvious that the model considered in the paper covers these situations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology

2012

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Quantum precision enhancement is of fundamental importance for the development of advanced metrological optical experiments, such as gravitational wave detection and frequency calibration with atomic clocks. Precision in these experiments is strongly limited by the 1/√N shot noise factor with N being the number of probes (photons, atoms) employed in the experiment. Quantum theory provides tools to overcome the bound by using entangled probes. In an idealized scenario this gives rise to the Heisenberg scaling of precision 1/N. Here we show that when decoherence is taken into account, the maximal possible quantum enhancement in the asymptotic limit of infinite N amounts generically to a constant factor rather than quadratic improvement. We provide efficient and intuitive tools for deriving the bounds based on the geometry of quantum channels and semi-definite programming. We apply these tools to derive bounds for models of decoherence relevant for metrological applications including: depolarization, dephasing, spontaneous emission and photon loss.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology

2012

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“…In Ref. [53], it was shown how the optimal sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer fed with multimode Gaussian states can be reached without entanglement by appropriate mode engineering.…”

Section: B One-mode Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub–shot-noise sensitivities without entanglement

Benatti

Braun

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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We critically analyze the commonly maintained statement that entanglement is necessary to beat the shot-noise limit or standard quantum limit (SQL) in the sensitivity with which certain parameters can be measured in interferometric experiments. We consider in detail three different physical realizations of a beam splitter and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using photons, massive bosons, and distinguishable spins or qubits. We study several input states and the corresponding definitions of entanglement. We show that mode entanglement is not required for photons or massive bosons for beating the SQL. In particular, with a fluctuating number of two-mode bosons, the shot-noise limit can be beaten by nonentangled bosonic states with all bosons in one mode. As a consequence, the trivially present entanglement due to symmetrization that appears when writing bosonic states in terms of individual particles is a useful resource for precision measurements

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“…2. The conjugate spatial modes contained in region A are quantum correlated with the probe spatial modes in region D, and the conjugate spatial modes in B are quantum correlated with the probe spatial modes in C. While neither beam contains the perfect split noise mode ideal for beam displacement [17,42], the beams contain sufficient spatial information to show 60% reduced uncertainty in the relative displacement compared to a measurement using classical light. We also note that the differential position measurement is compatible with homodyne detection as a drop in replacement for split detectors, and that the sensitivity achievable in the split detector approach is equivalent to that possible with interferometric detection [43].…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive measurement of microcantilever displacement below the shot-noise limit

Pooser

Lawrie

2015

Optica

162

111

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The displacement of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) cantilevers is used to measure a broad variety of phenomena in devices ranging from force microscopes to biochemical sensors to thermal imaging systems. We demonstrate the first direct measurement of a MEMS cantilever displacement with a noise floor 4 dB below the shot noise limit (SNL) at an equivalent optical power. By combining multi-spatial-mode quantum light sources with a simple differential measurement, we show that sub-SNL MEMS displacement sensitivity is highly accessible compared to previous efforts that measured the displacement of macroscopic mirrors with very distinct spatial structures crafted with multiple optical parametric amplifiers and locking loops. These results support a new class of quantum MEMS sensor with an ultimate signal to noise ratio determined by quantum correlations, enabling ultra-trace sensing, imaging, and microscopy applications in which signals were previously obscured by shot noise.

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Ultimate sensitivity of precision measurements with intense Gaussian quantum light: A multimodal approach

Cited by 104 publications

References 24 publications

The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology

The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology

Sub–shot-noise sensitivities without entanglement

Ultrasensitive measurement of microcantilever displacement below the shot-noise limit

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