Ultimate Load-Carrying Ability of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy Panels under Axial Compression

Slota, Ján; Kubit, Andrzej; Trzepieciński, Tomasz; Krasowski, Bogdan; Varga, Ján

doi:10.3390/ma14051176

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The panels were formed using the single point incremental forming technique with a tool with a spherical end and a continuous spiralshaped tool strategy. The load-carrying ability of rib-stiffened EN AW-2024-T3 and EN AW-7075-T6 aluminium alloy panels under axial compression has been studied in recent papers by the authors of [34,35]. In this paper, the effect of the forming parameters on the surface finish of the inner surface of stiffened ribs is studied based on experimental measurements of the surface roughness and on the artificial neural networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Finish Analysis in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Alclad Aluminium Alloy Panels

et al. 2021

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the interactions between the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process parameters and the main roughness parameters of stiffened ribs fabricated in Alclad aluminium alloy panels. EN AW-7075-T6 and EN AW-2024-T3 Alclad aluminium alloy sheets were used as the research material. Panels with longitudinal ribs were produced with different values of incremental vertical step size and tool rotational speed. Alclad is formed of high-purity aluminium surface layers metallurgically bonded to aluminium alloy core material. The quality of the surface roughness and unbroken Alclad are key problems in SPIF of Alclad sheets destined for aerospace applications. The interactions between the SPIF process parameters and the main roughness parameters of the stiffened ribs were determined. The influence of forming parameters on average roughness Sa and the 10-point peak–valley surface roughness Sz was determined using artificial neural networks. The greater the value of the incremental vertical step size, the more prominent the ridges found in the inner surface of stiffened ribs, especially in the case of both Alclad aluminium alloy sheets. The predictive models of ANNs for the Sa and the Sz were characterised by performance measures with R2 values lying between 0.657 and 0.979. A different character of change in surface roughness was found for sheets covered with and not covered with a soft layer of technically pure aluminium. In the case of Alclad sheets, increasing the value of the incremental vertical step size increases the value of the surface roughness parameters Sa and Sz. In the case of the sheets not covered by Alclad, reduction of the tool rotational speed increases the Sz parameter and decreases the Sa parameter. An obvious increase in the Sz parameter was observed with an increase in the incremental vertical step size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Finish Analysis in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Alclad Aluminium Alloy Panels

et al. 2021

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“…Using the basic parameters, first the maximum depth of the stiffening rib was determined by an experimental method. Based on the previous experiences of the authors [35,36], an attempt was made to form an embossing with a depth of D = 7 mm. In the forming process, cracking of the outer cover was observed with the tool recess equal to 6.65 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Possibility of Forming Stiffening Ribs in Litecor Metal-Plastic Composite Using the Single Point Incremental Forming Method

Trzepieciński

Korzeniowski

Bobusia

et al. 2022

KEM

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Efforts to reduce COx are extremely important, which forces the use of materials and technologies that reduce the weight of means of transport in order to reduce energy consumption. Currently, aluminum alloys and FRP composites are still too expensive for mass industry applications. Presented in this study, Litecor is a three-layer composite that combines the high strength of steel with the low density of plastic. Thanks to the use of external steel covers 0.3 mm thick and a light core 0.7 mm thick, high stiffness was achieved while maintaining a relatively low weight. The weight reduction in comparison with steel blanks with the same stiffness is up to 40%. Litecor is mainly developed by ThyssenKrupp, it is a promising construction material, but it requires development the technology of forming and joining. In this study, the possibility of forming the Litecor layered composite was investigated using the single-point incremental sheet forming (SPIF) method. As part of the research, the stiffening ribs were shaped, the maximum depth of the embossing was determined. The degree of thinning in selected cross-sections of the embossing was determined. The influence of the rotational speed of the tool and the feed rate on the properties of the shaped surface was also analyzed. Incorrectly selected shaping parameters have been shown to damage the zinc coating on the inner surface of the embossing.

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“…Reciprocating straight tool paths to produce grooves with smaller lengths are often used to evaluate the tearing depth of wrought commercial sheets [6,17], but its use in ad ditively deposited sheets has never been investigated as far as the authors are aware.…”

Section: Single-point Incremental Forming Of the Stiffening Groovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent developments in incremental sheet metal forming processes opened the possibility of using single-point incremental forming (SPIF) to produce stiffening grooves in monolithic panels [6] (Figure 1c). Stiffening grooves are a special type of stringers that are produced by local pressing of the sheet panels during forming, and the possibility of carrying out forming and stiffening stages simultaneously, in a single-clamping operation, has the potential for great economic benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Manufacturing of Stiffening Grooves in Additive Deposited Thin Parts

Cristino

Pragana

Bragança

et al. 2021

JMMP

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This paper is focused on the hybridization of additive manufacturing with single-point incremental forming to produce stiffening grooves in thin metal parts. An analytical model built upon in-plane stretching of a membrane is provided to determine the tool force as a function of the required groove depth and to estimate the maximum allowable groove depth that can be formed without tearing. The results for additively deposited stainless-steel sheets show that the proposed analytical model can replicate incremental plastic deformation of the stiffening grooves in good agreement with experimental observations and measurements. Anisotropy and lower formability caused by the dendritic-based microstructure of the additively deposited stainless-steel sheets justifies the reason why the maximum allowable depth of the stiffening grooves is approximately 27% smaller than that obtained for the wrought commercial sheets of the same material that are used for comparison purposes.

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Ultimate Load-Carrying Ability of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy Panels under Axial Compression

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Surface Finish Analysis in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Alclad Aluminium Alloy Panels

Surface Finish Analysis in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of Rib-Stiffened 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 Alclad Aluminium Alloy Panels

Analysis of the Possibility of Forming Stiffening Ribs in Litecor Metal-Plastic Composite Using the Single Point Incremental Forming Method

Hybrid Manufacturing of Stiffening Grooves in Additive Deposited Thin Parts

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