Úlcera por pressão em pacientes sob assistência domiciliária

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients under home care in a health district of Ribeirao Preto and to determine their risks for pressure ulcers, the use of preventive measures, and prevalence and characteristics of pressure ulcers. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 47 patients. Results: The age of the participants ranged from 21 to 91 years. The majority of them was whites (85%), elderly (76.6%), dependent of caregivers (91.5%), and were at risk for pressure ulcers (70.2%). There was 19.1% of prevalence of pressure ulcers. There were 17 pressure ulcers, in which 35.3% were at stage I and 29.4% were at stage IV. The trochanter of the femur (29.4%) and calcaneous (23.5%) were the anatomic regions that pressure ulcers occurred more often. The majority of patients did not use measures for preventing pressure ulcers. Conclusion: Since the majority of patients were at risk for pressure ulcers, there is a need for educational interventions to patients and home care services. Key Words: Pressure Ulcers; Prevention and Control; Home Care; Prevalence RESUMOObjetivos: Investigar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas e o risco para desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão (UPP) em pacientes sob assistência domiciliária em um Distrito de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, assim como a prevalência e características das úlceras, uso e adequação das medidas utilizadas para prevenção. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes, com idades entre 21 e 91 anos; a maior frequência foi de idosos (76,6%), brancos (85%) e dependentes de cuidadores (91,5%). Trinta e três pacientes (70,2%) apresentavam risco para úlcera por pressão, sendo que a prevalência foi 19,1%, tendo sido identificadas 17 úlceras (35,3% e 29,4% nos estágios I e IV, respectivamente). As regiões anatômicas com maior frequência foram trocânter do fêmur (29,4%) e calcâneo (23,5%). Medidas básicas para prevenção não foram utilizados em sua maioria pelos pacientes. Conclusões: Considerando que a maior parte das pessoas apresentava risco para úlceras, identificou-se a necessidade de intervenção educacional junto a esta população e aos serviços de saúde. Descritores: Úlcera por pressão/prevenção e controle; Assistência domiciliar; Prevalência. RESUMENObjetivos: Investigar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas y el riesgo de desarrollar úlcera por presión (UPP) en pacientes bajo asistencia en el domicilio en un Distrito de Salud de Ribeirao Preto; también estudiar la incidencia y características de las úlceras, el uso y adecuación de las medidas utilizadas para la prevención. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo. Resultados: fueron evaluados 47 pacientes, con edades entre 21 y 91 años; la mayor frecuencia fue de ancianos (76,6%), blancos (85%) y dependientes de cuidadores (91,5%). Treinta y tres pacientes (70,2%) presentaban riesgo para úlcera por presión, siendo que la incidencia fue 19,1%, habi...

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