UHT treatment and storage of liquid infant formula affects protein digestion and release of bioactive peptides

Yu-hui, YE; Engholm-Keller, Kasper; Fang, Yajing; Nielsen, Christian Fiil; Jordà, Ariadna; Lund, Marianne N.; Chatterton, Dereck E.W.

doi:10.1039/d1fo02619d

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…[ 32 ] This is in agreement with our previous study demonstrating lowered in vitro digestibility of the non‐reducible protein aggregates formed in SUHT. [ 5 ] Moreover, LAL has been shown to be toxic to the kidneys of rats and mice. [ 31 ] Although there is no certain knowledge about the toxicity of LAL in humans, it is recommended that its concentration is kept below 200 µg g −1 protein in IFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SDS‐PAGE was performed under reducing and non‐reducing conditions to evaluate disulfide‐linked aggregates and non‐reducible cross‐links in IFs. [ 5 ] For reduction, 0.5 M DTT (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to the samples to a final concentration of 50 mM DTT. Samples were standardized to the same protein concentration by dilution with Milli‐Q water to 1% w/v before addition of 4× NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark) and heat treatment at 80 °C for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of lysinoalanine (LAL) and lanthionine (LAN) were only marginally increased in UHT compared to PAST, but the levels markedly increased in SUHT (2.4 and 5 times, respectively). Available lysine and arginine concentrations decreased by 10% in SUHT samples [4] B), pH of experimental IFs [4] C), SDS-PAGE with and without reduction [5] D), lactoferrin [5] (LF) concentration in experimental IFs determined by ELISA and western blot [5] E), and semi-quantification of IgG and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 under non-reducing and reducing conditions, respectively, using western blot [5] Table 1. Products derived from heat induced-protein modification in the experimental infant formulas, PAST, UHT, and SUHT.…”

Section: Formation Of Mrps and Amino Acid Cross-links In Ifmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra‐High Temperature Treatment and Storage of Infant Formula Induces Dietary Protein Modifications, Gut Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Sun

Akıllıoğlu

Aasmul‐Olsen

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Ready-to-feed liquid infant formula is increasingly used for preterm infants when human milk is unavailable. These formulas are sterilized by ultra-high temperature treatment, but heating and storage may reduce bioactivity and increase formation of Maillard reaction products with potential negative consequences for immature newborns. Methods and results: Using preterm pigs as a model for sensitive newborn infants, the study tests the intestinal responses of feeding experimental liquid formula within 5 days. A pasteurized formula (PAST) with the same nutrient composition but less protein modifications serves as control to ultra-high temperature-treated formula without (UHT) and with prolonged storage (SUHT). Relative to PAST, UHT contains lower levels of lactoferrin and IgG. Additional storage (40 °C, 60 days, SUHT) reduces antimicrobial capacity and increases non-reducible protein aggregates and Maillard reaction products (up to 13-fold). Pigs fed SUHT have more diarrhea and show signs of intestinal inflammation (necrotizing enterocolitis) compared with pigs fed PAST and UHT. These clinical effects are accompanied by accumulation of Maillard reaction products, protein cross-links, and inflammatory responses in the gut. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that feeding UHT infant formulas, particularly after prolonged storage, adversely affects gut maturation and function in preterm pigs used as a model of preterm infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Mrps and Amino Acid Cross-links In Ifmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra‐High Temperature Treatment and Storage of Infant Formula Induces Dietary Protein Modifications, Gut Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Sun

Akıllıoğlu

Aasmul‐Olsen

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…As reported by Katayama et al ( 29 ), certain peptides had certain resistance to digestive proteases in vivo and could still show strong biological activity. In addition, Long chain peptides are more easily digested into many short peptides, and active peptides are more likely to appear ( 30 ). Therefore, in the future, we will further study the transport of peptide in human intestinal CaCo-2 cell monolayers to determine the absorption of the peptide in vitro .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular docking and antihypertensive effects of a novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from yak bone

Gao

Bu²,

Yi³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide ser-ala-ser-val-ile-pro-val-ser-ala-val-arg-ala (SASVIPVSAVRA) was purified and identified from yak bone by Electrospray Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). Results in vitro showed that the peptide exhibited strong ACE inhibition activities with an IC50 of 54.22 μM. Molecular docking results showed the binding between the peptide SASVIPVSAVRA and ACE mainly driven by van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds and metal receptor. Interestingly, the ACE inhibition activities of the peptide increased about 19% after digestion, but none of its metabolites showed stronger activity than it. The in vivo experiment showed that the antihypertensive effect of peptide SASVIPVSAVRA at dose of 30 mg/kg is nearly equal to Captopril at dose of 10 mg/kg to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The antihypertensive effect mechanism of SASVIPVSAVRA should be further studied through plasma metabolomics and bioanalysis. Structure analysis of amino acids and peptides produced during digestion may help better understand the antihypertensive effect of peptides.

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“…During heating, the free thiol group of β-LG (18 kDa) binds to CN (∼25 kDa) to form a disulfide cross-linked complex (β-LG-CN). β-LG also binds α-lactalbumin (α-La, 14 kDa) by either disulfide cross-linking or hydrophobic interactions to form aggregates (β-LG-α-La) (27). After 30 min of SGF digestion, many proteins > 29 kDa were hydrolyzed, and hydrolysis was almost complete after 60 min.…”

Section: Infant Formulas With Different Degrees Of Hydrolysis Were Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Digestion Characteristics of Hydrolyzed Infant Formula and Its Effects on the Growth and Development in Mice

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Infant formula, an important food for babies, is convenient and nutritious, and hydrolyzed formulas have attracted much attention due to their non-allergicity. However, it is uncertain whether hydrolyzed formulars cause obesity and other side effects in infants. Herein, three infant formulas, standard (sIF), partially hydrolyzed (pHIF), and extensively hydrolyzed (eHIF), were analyzed in an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. With increasing degree of hydrolysis, the protein moleculars, and allergenicity of the proteins decreased and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content increased. Moreover, the digestion model solutions quickly digested the small fat globules and proteins in the hydrolyzed formula, allowing it to become electrostatically stable sooner. The eHIF-fed mice presented larger body sizes, and exhibited excellent exploratory and spatial memory abilities in the maze test. Based on villus height and crypt depth histological characterizations and amplicon sequencing, eHIF promoted mouse small intestine development and changed the gut microbiota composition, eventually favoring weight gain. The mouse spleen index showed that long-term infant formula consumption might be detrimental to immune system development, and the weight-bearing swimming test showed that eHIF could cause severe physical strength decline. Therefore, long-term consumption of infant formula, especially eHIF, may have both positive and negative effects on mouse growth and development, and our results might shed light on feeding formula to infants.

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UHT treatment and storage of liquid infant formula affects protein digestion and release of bioactive peptides

Abstract: Ready-to-feed liquid infant formulas (IF) were subjected to direct (D) or indirect (ID) ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment and then stored at 40 °C under aseptic condition for 60-120 days simulating global...

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Ultra‐High Temperature Treatment and Storage of Infant Formula Induces Dietary Protein Modifications, Gut Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Ultra‐High Temperature Treatment and Storage of Infant Formula Induces Dietary Protein Modifications, Gut Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Molecular docking and antihypertensive effects of a novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from yak bone

In vitro Digestion Characteristics of Hydrolyzed Infant Formula and Its Effects on the Growth and Development in Mice

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