Uhf Propagation Measurements From Elevated to Buried Antennas

Abstract

This report describes many of the UHF propagation characteristics between aircraft or satellites and buried antennas. A vertical monopole was used as a reference antenna, and the propagation characteristics of an annular slot and other antennas, omnidirectional in azimuth, were measured. The effects of reflecting planes used in conjunction with buried elementary antennas were measured. Site power gain patterns were measured from the buried antenna site at elevation angles up to 70°. These tests were made over a reasonably smooth plane, on paths of 0.03, 0.06, and 1 km, and at various transmitting antenna heights, with a helium-filled ballon. In some of the tests security fences were used.

Anti-Personnel Landmines: A Force Multiplier or an Operational Liability in the 21st Century

“…These include: low minefield density to high basic load ratio (a 400 X 400 meter minefield requires 24 RAAM and 6 ADAM rounds), long firing time to emplace an artillery delivered minefield resulting in exposure to enemy counterbattery fire, and because they are surface laid they are easier to detect and counter than conventional mines. 28 Although a more detailed discussion in this area is beyond the scope of this study, the point made is that FASCAM may not be the panacea for future landmine warfare that many believe it to be. Unquestionably, the debate over the military utility of landmines and the fielding of alternative technologies will only grow more contentious as the self-imposed deadline for elimination of APLs draws nearer.…”