Ueber die Richtung der Augen

Vieth,

doi:10.1002/andp.18180580302

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For fixation on a near target, projection lines in the visual plane (i.e., the plane containing the two eyes' nodal points and the fixation target) will intersect, regardless of the vergence angle of the two eyes. And as Vieth (1818) and M[ller (1826) have shown independently, all the intersections of identical points' projections lie on a circle through the fixation target and the two nodal points called the ViethYM[ller circle.…”

Section: Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based mainly on ideas developed independently by Vieth (1818) and M[ller (1826), the theoretical point horopter has been devised as a theoretical tool for simplifying binocular vision geometry. Assuming there exists some correspondence between retinal loci in the two eyes, one can ask what object locations in space would project onto corresponding retinal points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The extended horopter: Quantifying retinal correspondence across changes of 3D eye position

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The theoretical horopter is an interesting qualitative tool for conceptualizing binocular correspondence, but its quantitative applications have been limited because they have ignored ocular kinematics and vertical binocular sensory fusion. Here we extend the mathematical definition of the horopter to a full surface over visual space, and we use this extended horopter to quantify binocular alignment and visualize its dependence on eye position. We reproduce the deformation of the theoretical horopter into a spiral shape in tertiary gaze as first described by Helmholtz (1867). We also describe a new effect of ocular torsion, where the Vieth-Müller circle rotates out of the visual plane for symmetric vergence conditions in elevated or depressed gaze. We demonstrate how these deformations are reduced or abolished when the eyes follow the modification of Listing's law during convergence called L2, which enlarges the extended horopter and keeps its location and shape constant across gaze directions.

show abstract

Section: Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extended horopter: Quantifying retinal correspondence across changes of 3D eye position

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…eyes, commonly referred to as the Vieth-Müller circle after the independent works of Müller (1826) and Vieth (1818). However, Howarth (2011) showed that a more precise definition of this set of loci is the larger arc of a circle containing the fixation point and the optical nodal points of the eyes because locations on the smaller arc between the eyes do not project to corresponding points in the two eyes and are located inside the head.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular correspondence and the range of fusible horizontal disparities in the central visual field

Harrold

Grove

2015

Journal of Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Binocular disparities underlie precise stereoscopic depth perception but only over a finite range. At large disparities, objects appear diplopic, and depth perception is degraded. Measurements of the range of horizontal disparities for which single vision is experienced have previously been restricted to the horizontal plane of regard. We extended these mappings, in two experiments, to the upper and lower visual fields and eccentric meridians. In Experiment 1, we measured empirical corresponding points and fusional limits at identical elevations in the median plane for 20 participants. We observed a vertical shear in binocular correspondence consistent with a backward inclined empirical vertical horopter and the fusional range centered upon it. In Experiment 2, we mapped the vertical horopter and fusional limits for a second set of elevations in the median plane and at two additional eccentricities and found a similar pattern of results as in Experiment 1. For 23 of 25 participants in this study, we found that the relationship between measurements of the vertical horopter and fusional range is similar to the established relationship between Panum's fusional range and the horizontal horopter. Our data replicate previous findings that the vertical horopter is inclined top back. We are the first to illustrate that the fusional range of horizontal disparities is approximately centered upon the vertical horopter in the median plane and along eccentric meridians.

show abstract

“…That is, visual direction was not determined by retinal location alone. Before his theory could be independently established, retinally defined visual direction was incorporated into the geometrical description of corresponding points presented by Vieth (1818) and Müller (1826). Such geometrical precision in describing the binocular circle was considered to be a material advance in the analysis of binocular vision, and it remained so until Wheatstone (1838) undermined it with his stereoscopic phenomena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lost direction in binocular vision: The neglected signs posted by Wells, Towne, and Leconte

Wade

Ono

Mapp

2005

J History Behavioral Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies of vision have informed theories first in philosophy and then in psychology. Over the centuries, an increasing number of phenomena have been enlisted to refute or reinforce particular theories. Nowhere has this been more evident than in binocular vision. How we see a single world with two eyes is one of the oldest and most consistently studied topics in vision research. It has been discussed at least since the time of Aristotle and it has been examined experimentally since the second century, when Ptolemy defined lines of visual correspondence for the two eyes. Prior to Wheatstone's invention of the stereoscope in the 1830s, binocular vision had been studied in terms of visual directions. The stereoscope established distance (or depth) as well as direction as dimensions of binocular vision. Subsequently, depth rather than direction has been the principal concern of students of vision, and texts in English devoted to analyses of direction rather than depth have been neglected. We examine the experiments on binocular visual direction conducted by Wells before Wheatstone, and by Towne and LeConte after him, and discuss the reasons for their neglect.

show abstract

Ueber die Richtung der Augen

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The extended horopter: Quantifying retinal correspondence across changes of 3D eye position

The extended horopter: Quantifying retinal correspondence across changes of 3D eye position

Binocular correspondence and the range of fusible horizontal disparities in the central visual field

The lost direction in binocular vision: The neglected signs posted by Wells, Towne, and Leconte

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About