The surface of an ionic liquid, trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) amide ([TOMA + ]-[C 4 C 4 N − ]) has been studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry at 300 K. The values for delta, which is the phase difference between p-polarized and s-polarized reflection coefficients, deviate from zero to positive values, suggesting that spectroscopic ellipsometry detects surface structures such as surface roughness and surface layers at the [TOMA + ][C 4 C 4 N − ] surface. A model taking into account not only the surface roughness estimated using the capillary wave theory but also ionic multilayers, which was found to exist at the [TOMA + ][C 4 C 4 N − ] surface by a recent X-ray reflectivity study, well reproduces the experimental delta values. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is demonstrated to be a complementary technique to X-ray reflectometry to detect surface structures at ionic liquid interfaces.