Ueber die Gleitung der Gase an Glaswänden

Warburg, Emil

doi:10.1002/andp.18762351103

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the following years, more important developments were made by S. Wroblewski, who in 1879 studied the solubilities of gases in rubber [77], by J. H. van't Hoff's work in 1887 that introduced the idea of semipermeable membranes [78][79][80][81], and by S. L. Bigelow and A. Gemberling in 1907 with the preparation of synthetic "collodion" membranes made of pyroxylin (nitrocellulose) [82,83], the first non-rubber artificial membrane. In 1909, continuing on the works of A. Kundt [84], E. Warburg [85], and C. Christiansen [86] on the flow of gases through very narrow channels, M.H.C. Knudsen stated that viscous or molecular flow is achieved depending on the length of the mean free path of the gas and the dimensions of the channels through which the gas diffuses [87,88].…”

Section: Membrane Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of Inorganic-Based and MOF-Based Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separations

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Gas separation for industrial, energy, and environmental applications requires low energy consumption and small footprint technology to minimize operating and capital costs for the processing of large volumes of gases. Among the separation methods currently being used, like distillation, amine scrubbing, and pressure and temperature swing adsorption, membrane-based gas separation has the potential to meet these demands. The key component, the membrane, must then be engineered to allow for high gas flux, high selectivity, and chemical and mechanical stability at the operating conditions of feed composition, pressure, and temperature. Among the new type of membranes studied that show promising results are the inorganic-based and the metal-organic framework-based mixed-matrix membranes (MOF-MMMs). A MOF is a unique material that offers the possibility of tuning the porosity of a membrane by introducing diffusional channels and forming a compatible interface with the polymer. This review details the origins of these membranes and their evolution since the first inorganic/polymer and MOF/polymer MMMs were reported in the open literature. The most significant advancements made in terms of materials, properties, and testing conditions are described in a chronological fashion.

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Section: Membrane Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of Inorganic-Based and MOF-Based Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separations

et al. 2016

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“…Anomalies in the flow of gases in technically manufactured media, such as narrow capillaries or channels, have been observed and studied in earlier works (Maxwell 1879;Kundt and Warburg 1875;Warburg 1876;Christiansen 1890;Knudsen 1909), mainly in the context of vacuum physics and rarefied gases. Maxwell (1879) was the first to describe deviations of gas flow behavior near a solid wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Gas Dynamic Effects Using Nanoporous Synthetic Materials as Tight Rock Analogues

et al. 2021

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To improve the understanding of gas transport processes in tight rocks (e.g., shales), systematic flow tests with different gases were conducted on artificial micro- to nanoporous analogue materials. Due to the rigidity of these systems, fluid-dynamic effects could be studied at elevated pressures without interference of poro-elastic effects. Flow tests with narrow capillaries did not reveal any viscosity anomaly in a confined space down to capillary diameters of 2 µm. Experiments with nanoporous ceramic disks (> 99% Al2O3) conducted at confining pressures from 10 to 50 MPa did not indicate any stress dependence of permeability coefficients. Analysis of the apparent permeability coefficients over a mean gas pressure range from 0.2 to 30.5 MPa showed essentially linear Klinkenberg trends with no indication of second-order slip flow. The Klinkenberg-corrected permeability coefficients measured with helium were consistently higher than those measured with all other gases under the same conditions. This “helium anomaly” was, however, less pronounced than the same effect observed in natural rocks, indicating that it is probably not related to fluid-dynamic effects but rather to gas–solid interactions (e.g., sorption). Permeability tests with CO2 on the nanoporous membrane show significant deviations from the linear Klinkenberg trend around the critical point. This is due to the drastic changes of the thermodynamic properties, in particular the isothermal compressibility, in this pressure and temperature range. Helium pycnometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry and low-pressure nitrogen sorption showed good agreement in terms of porosity (~ 28%) and the most prominent pore diameter (~ 68.5 nm).

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Die Abhängigkeit der inneren Reibung des Stickstoffs von der Temperatur

Bestelmeyer¹

1904

Annalen der Physik

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Die kinetische Gastheorie in ihrer ursprunglichen Form geht von der Vorstellung nus, dab sich die blolekule wie vollkommen elastische Kugeln verhalten. Unter dieser Voraussetzuiig ergibt sich der Koeffizient der inneren Reibung : 9 = 0,30967. g L S '), wo 0 die Dichte, L und S die nach dem Maxwellschen Gesetze berechneten Mittelwerte der Weglange und der Geschwindigkeit bedeuten.Da die Weglange umgekehrt proportional der Dichte 'ist, so folgt hiernus zunachst die Unabhangigkeit der inneren Reibung von der Dichte ; die experimentelle Bestatigung dieses iiberraschenden Resultates innerhalb weiter Grenzen ist eine der wichtigsten Stutzen der kinetischen Gastheorie.Andererseits miiljte nach obiger Formel 9 proportional der Geschwindigkeit 9, also proportional der Quadratwurzel der absoluten Temperatur wachsen ; die Experimente dagegen haben eine starkere Abhangigkeit von der Temperatur ergeben. AuBerdem wurde durch die Untersuchungen verschiedener Porscher , besonders durch die eingehenden und sorgfiltigen Messungen S. W. Holmansa) festgestellt, daB die Abhangigkeit der Zahigkeit von der Temperatur nicht durch eine Potenz der absoluten Temperatur mit konstantem Exponenten dargestellt werden kann, sondern urn so langsamer mit der Temperatur wiichst, je holier diese ist. Will man bei der urspriinglichen Theorie der elastischen Kugeln bleiben, so mu6 man, worauf zuerst S t e f a n 3, auf-1) 0. E. M e y e r , Kinet. Theorie d Gase, 2. Aufl., p. 111 d. math.2) S. W. H o l m a n , Proc. Amer.

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Ueber die Gleitung der Gase an Glaswänden

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Origins and Evolution of Inorganic-Based and MOF-Based Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separations

Origins and Evolution of Inorganic-Based and MOF-Based Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separations

Experimental Investigation of Gas Dynamic Effects Using Nanoporous Synthetic Materials as Tight Rock Analogues

Die Abhängigkeit der inneren Reibung des Stickstoffs von der Temperatur

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