Ueber die Bestimmung der oxydischen Einschlüsse in Eisen und Stahl auf rückstandsanalytischem Wege durch Chloraufschluß

Wasmuht, Koland; Oberhoffer, P.

doi:10.1002/srin.192901253

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The method of volatilization of iron in a current of pure chlorine is quite old, having been suggested by Fresenius in 1865 (8). This method of determining oxides in steel has been recently tested, revised, and recommended in spite of the fact that in the presence of phosphorus; sulfur, and carbon, there is an appreciable loss of oxides (1,6). In this case, in the absence of the carbon and in the presence of the low percentage of the phosphorus and sulfur, the recovery is better than could be expected on a sample of steel.…”

Section: Accuracy Of Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of slag and oxide inclusions in iron or steel: Electrolytic method

Scott¹

1932

Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.

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ANY methods of ext r a c t i o n other than electrolytic have been devised for the determination of non-metallics in iron and steel, but none have been satisfactory for all t y p e s of oxides. The outstanding method a t the prese n t t i m e is t h e Dickenson method (2) which will extract silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide from "killed" steels with varying degrees of accuracy. However, this m e t h o d will n o t give a quantitative extraction of inclusions which contain ferrous and manganous oxide from ''rimming" steels (4). In fact, after a detailed study of .extraction methods proposed to date and outlined by C. H. Herty, Jr., and others (4), and by Westcott, Eckert, and Einert ( 7 ) , it is seen that none are satisfactory for use upon steel. A l a r g e s a m p l e must be used, as it is absolutely necessary, in a study of inclusions, to have enough non-metallics extracted for the determination A f i ELECTROLYTIC method, rapid, simple T h e o u t e r cell is a l a r g ein operation, and inexpensive, for the determouth reagent Of about 3 liter capacity, with a cork to mination of oxides found in plain carbon steel fit. The inner cell is a and iron as inclusions, has been successfully r e a g e n t bottle with the b o tdeveloped. Magnesium iodide is used as the tom cut off. The cork of the electrolyte and is found to be superior to a n y outer cell has a hole cut in it to used heretofore.fit the neck of the inner cell, and these are fastened together so The sulfides are not determined, but only the as to support the inner cell. oxides of manganese, silicon, and iron. I n theThe cork f i t t i n g t h e s m a l l e r "killed" steels where the principal inclusion is bottle has a hole punched in manganous silicate, the recovery is practically it for the platinum wire to pass 100per cent; in the "rimmed" steels, slighfly less. through* The cathode is made of the The accuracy of the method has been deterordinary copper Screen used in mined through the use of slaggy material containwindow screens. A piece is ing various percentages of ferrous, manganous, cut as long as the circumference silicon, and aluminum oxides. This material and as wide as the straight sides was actually formed in the rimmed ingot of steel, of the large bottle. Two strips of screen are f a s t e n e d as conand was collected for the study. It is believed tacts to the screen It is that such material is a definite improvement overthen rolled up and inserted into the use of synthetically prepared compounds, as the bottle, where it unrolls and it is the same physically and chemically as the forms a cylinder. The contact inclusions dispersed throughout the steel itself. s t r i p s a r e b e n t d o w n on the outside of the bottle neck and fastened together with a third of their physicaland chemi-band of wire screen. Figures 1 and 2 show the cell in detail. cal properties. Also the extraction must b e fairly rapid and must not require from 2 to 6 weeks as does the Dickenson method.As regards previous work on electrolytic methods, nothing was found...

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Section: Accuracy Of Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of slag and oxide inclusions in iron or steel: Electrolytic method

Scott¹

1932

Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.

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“…

THE development of reliable methods for the determination of the gaseous elements in steel has done much to clarify our understanding of their occurrence and effects, and has played an important part in recent advances in steel-making practice based upon the control of ferrous oxide in the liquid steel. The vacuum-fusion or hotextraction method, which was developed by Jordan (6,7,15) and his associates at the Bureau of Standards and by the late Professor Oberhoffer (8,9,10,14,16) and his students at Aachen, is to be regarded as the most dependable method for the determination of total oxygen and total nitrogen in ferrous metals. This paper describes the apparatus and technic employed in the Department of Engineering Research at the University of Michigan and introduces several changes which were designed to enhance the simplicity and speed of the determination, as well as to improve its accuracy for steels of low oxygen content.

Principle of the MethodAt sufficiently high temperatures and low pressures all oxides are reduced by carbon, forming carbon monoxide.

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confidence: 99%