Ubiquitin pathway involvement in human lymphocyte gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis.

Studies of specific gene induction during apoptosis of cell lines conditionally immortalized by SV40

“…This induction is more rapid than that of mdm-2, in agreement with the pro- Table 1 Expression of genes indentified by their diffential expression during apoptosis Gene(s) Induced in Expression in REtsAF Calmodulin, chondroitin sulfate Glucocorticoids induced thymocyte apoptosis [11,20] Not detected proteoglycan core protein RP8 Glutathione S-transferase Ybl Clusterin Ubiquitin Glucocorticoids or radiation induced thymocyte apoptosis [15] Prostate regression [32] and steroid induced lymphocyte apoptosis [21] Prostate regression and various other cell death process [17] Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis [18] and insect muscles degeneration [19] [29], which suggest that, in some cells, p53 can mediate apoptosis by repressing survival genes. Recently, a reevaluation of the role of de novo protein synthesis in thymocyte apoptosis has also suggested that inhibitors of protein synthesis may delay apoptosis rather than prevent it [30], suggesting that some of the components of the apoptotic machinery are already present before apoptosis induction.…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the results obtained with various genes. The genes encoding calmodulin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein, ubiquitin and glutathione S-transferase Yb 1, which are induced in apoptotic thymocytes or lymphocytes [11,18,20,21], are not induced during apoptosis of REtsAF.…”

“…Three types of genes were studied: (1) genes identified during glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis (RP-8) [11,15]; (2) during prostate regression and other cell-death processes (clusterin) [17]; and (3) during y irradiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis [18] and insect muscle degeneration [19] (polyubiquitin). Fig.…”

Global Gene Expression Profiles During Acute Pathogen-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Reveal Divergent Roles for Th1 and Th2 Responses in Tissue Repair

“…Furthermore, mice deficient in IL-10, resulting in enhanced Th1 responses, succumbed to infection with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii, with markedly enhanced liver and lung necrosis (29,30). Numerous studies have also implicated ubiquitin in the proteolysis that accompanies apoptosis (31)(32)(33)(34). Although no gross necrosis was observed in the lung sections during this limited time period, the apparent activation of the cell cycle could be the organism's attempt to compensate for cells lost due to tissue damage.…”

The role of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in cellular responses to radiation

“…The difference may be that P21 can be unphosphorylated or dephosphorylated as a result of pathways activated by DNA damage, and this would inhibit Ubiquitinylation (Fukuchi et al, 2002). Irradiation increased Ub mRNA expression and ubiquitinylated nuclear proteins in human lymphocytes (Delic et al, 1993) and in Ewing's sarcoma cells (Soldatenkov and Dritschilo, 1997), leading to the suggestion that functional changes in the Ub /proteasome system were involved in the radiation-induced apoptosis. Proteins targeted by the N-end rule pathway appeared to be particularly important.…”