“…Ever since the discovery of ubiquitin (Ub) four decades ago (Ciehanover, Hod, & Hershko, 1978), this small protein has been linked to multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, development, immune responses, and numerous human diseases including cancer (Calistri, Munegato, Carli, Parolin, & Palu, 2014;Dantuma & Bott, 2014;Senft, Qi, & Ronai, 2018;Zinngrebe, Montinaro, Peltzer, & Walczak, 2014). Indeed, protein ubiquitination, the process of attaching Ub and poly-Ub chains to cellular substrates, is an integral and essential part of the cell machinery, and serves to modify, regulate, and degrade proteins ( Fig.…”