“…Particularly, the atlas image registration component aligns atlas images and their segmentation labels to an image to be segmented, and then the aligned segmentation labels are fused to obtain a segmentation result for the image to be segmented by the atlas label component. Besides improving the image registration component (Hao et al, 2012b ; Alven et al, 2016 ; Doshi et al, 2016 ; Alchatzidis et al, 2017 ), many MAIS methods have focused on improving the label fusion component (Rohlfing et al, 2004 ; Coupé et al, 2011 ; Han, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2013 ; Hao et al, 2014 ; Amoroso et al, 2015 ; Roy et al, 2015 ; Wu et al, 2015 ; Zhu et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Doshi et al, 2016 ; Giraud et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Zu et al, 2017 ; Yang and Fan, 2018a , b ). In particular, majority voting (MV) might be the simplest label fusion method (Rohlfing et al, 2004 ), and more sophisticated label fusion strategies have been built upon a nonlocal patch-based label fusion strategy (Coupé et al, 2011 ), such as metric learning (Zhu et al, 2017 ), joint label fusion (Wang et al, 2013 ), and dictionary learning (Roy et al, 2015 ; Yang and Fan, 2018a ).…”