Über vier neue Serien multipler Allele beiAntirrhinum majus

Kuckuck, Hermann

doi:10.1007/bf01848877

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…CHS , which catalyzes the first committed step in anthocyanin biosynthesis, plays a central role and provides a common chalcone precursor for the production of all intermediates and final products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Many studies have analyzed the activity of CHS in different plants, including P. hybrida [17] , Antirrhinum majus [39] , maize [40] , Arabidopsis [41] , strawberry and tomato [32] , [42] and apple [33] . The first characterized chs mutant, the light white mutant of A. majus , whose single CHS gene was knocked out, was reported to lack anthocyanins and UV-absorbing flavonoids [39] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Malus Crabapple Chalcone Synthase Gene, McCHS, Regulates Red Petal Color and Flavonoid Biosynthesis

et al. 2014

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Chalcone synthase is a key and often rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments that accumulate in plant organs such as flowers and fruits, but the relationship between CHS expression and the petal coloration level in different cultivars is still unclear. In this study, three typical crabapple cultivars were chosen based on different petal colors and coloration patterns. The two extreme color cultivars, ‘Royalty’ and ‘Flame’, have dark red and white petals respectively, while the intermediate cultivar ‘Radiant’ has pink petals. We detected the flavoniods accumulation and the expression levels of McCHS during petals expansion process in different cultivars. The results showed McCHS have their special expression patterns in each tested cultivars, and is responsible for the red coloration and color variation in crabapple petals, especially for color fade process in ‘Radiant’. Furthermore, tobacco plants constitutively expressing McCHS displayed a higher anthocyanins accumulation and a deeper red petal color compared with control untransformed lines. Moreover, the expression levels of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were higher in the transgenic McCHS overexpressing tobacco lines than in the control plants. A close relationship was observed between the expression of McCHS and the transcription factors McMYB4 and McMYB5 during petals development in different crabapple cultivars, suggesting that the expression of McCHS was regulated by these transcription factors. We conclude that the endogenous McCHS gene is a critical factor in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during petal coloration in Malus crabapple.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Malus Crabapple Chalcone Synthase Gene, McCHS, Regulates Red Petal Color and Flavonoid Biosynthesis

et al. 2014

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“…A number of other studies have looked at the effects of reduced CHS activity in a several different species. Petunia (Napoli et al ., ), Arabidopsis (Shirley et al ., ), Antirrhinum (Kuckuck, ) and maize (Mo et al ., ) have naturally occurring or induced mutations in the CHS gene, and all have greatly reduced concentrations of flavonols and anthocyanidins, but the degree of phenotypic change varies between species. In the case of Antirrhinum , phenotypic alterations associated with the loss of CHS activity in nivia mutants is restricted to a loss of pigmentation in the petals (Kuckuck, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petunia (Napoli et al ., ), Arabidopsis (Shirley et al ., ), Antirrhinum (Kuckuck, ) and maize (Mo et al ., ) have naturally occurring or induced mutations in the CHS gene, and all have greatly reduced concentrations of flavonols and anthocyanidins, but the degree of phenotypic change varies between species. In the case of Antirrhinum , phenotypic alterations associated with the loss of CHS activity in nivia mutants is restricted to a loss of pigmentation in the petals (Kuckuck, ). Petunia and maize have visible changes in pigmentation in the corolla tissue and pollen, respectively, but also have impairments in pollen tube growth and development which affect fertility (Pollak et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports describing the phenotypic and metabolic effects of loss of CHS activity in a number of model plant species. The first CHS mutant to be described was the chalk white nivea mutant of Antirrhinum majus, which lacks anthocyanidins and any UV‐absorbing flavonoids because of the deletion of its single CHS gene (Kuckuck, ). This plant line provided the link between CHS activity and the white‐flowered mutant phenotype by using in vitro feeding reactions with radiolabelled p ‐coumaroyl CoA and malonyl CoA substrates (Spribille and Forkmann, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic changes associated with RNA interference silencing of chalcone synthase in apple (Malus × domestica)

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYWe have identified in apple (Malus 3 domestica) three chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. In order to understand the functional redundancy of this gene family RNA interference knockout lines were generated where all three of these genes were down-regulated. These lines had no detectable anthocyanins and radically reduced concentrations of dihydrochalcones and flavonoids. Surprisingly, down-regulation of CHS also led to major changes in plant development, resulting in plants with shortened internode lengths, smaller leaves and a greatly reduced growth rate. Microscopic analysis revealed that these phenotypic changes extended down to the cellular level, with CHS-silenced lines showing aberrant cellular organisation in the leaves. Fruit collected from one CHS-silenced line was smaller than the 'Royal Gala' controls, lacked flavonoids in the skin and flesh and also had changes in cell morphology. Auxin transport experiments showed increased rates of auxin transport in a CHS-silenced line compared with the 'Royal Gala' control. As flavonoids are well known to be key modulators of auxin transport, we hypothesise that the removal of almost all flavonoids from the plant by CHS silencing creates a vastly altered environment for auxin transport to occur and results in the observed changes in growth and development.

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“…Flowers of the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus, line T53, carrying the unstable mutation nivea-recurrens (niv-rec) exhibit a characteristic variegated phenotype consisting of numerous streaks or flakes of dark red against a white background. First described by Kuckuck (1936) and further characterized by Harrison and Carpenter (1973), this mutation has recently been analyzed at a molecular level in our laboratory. After establishing that the nivea locus encodes the enzyme chalcone synthase, which plays a key role in anthocyanin synthesis (Heller and Hahlbrock, 1980;Spribille and Forkmann, 1982;Reif, unpublished data), we subsequently found that the nivrec mutant, renamed niv-53, contains a 17-kb insert (Bonas et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 17-kb Tam1 element of Antirrhinum majus induces a 3-bp duplication upon integration into the chalcone synthase gene

1984

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The DNA sequence of the termini and the flanking regions of the 17‐kb transposable element Tam1 was determined. Tam1 is integrated in the chalcone synthase gene of the niv‐53 mutant of Antirrhinum majus. The element has a 13‐bp perfect inverted repeat at its termini and appears to induce a 3‐bp duplication of the target site upon integration. The DNA sequence of a niv+ revertant was analyzed and found to differ from the wild‐type sequence by an additional 2 bp that seem to derive from the target site duplication. Stretches of homologous sequences have been found between the ends of Tam1, within each terminus of the element, and between the termini and target site sequences. Structural similarities between the ends of Tam1 and the Spm‐18 element of Zea mays reflect a possible horizontal spread of a common progenitor.

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Über vier neue Serien multipler Allele beiAntirrhinum majus

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

A Malus Crabapple Chalcone Synthase Gene, McCHS, Regulates Red Petal Color and Flavonoid Biosynthesis

A Malus Crabapple Chalcone Synthase Gene, McCHS, Regulates Red Petal Color and Flavonoid Biosynthesis

Phenotypic changes associated with RNA interference silencing of chalcone synthase in apple (Malus × domestica)

The 17-kb Tam1 element of Antirrhinum majus induces a 3-bp duplication upon integration into the chalcone synthase gene

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