Über neutrale Saponine, II. Mitteil.: Abbau eines Genins der neutralen Sapogenine zu einem Gallensäure‐Derivat

Tschesche, Rudolf; Hagedorn, Alfred A.

doi:10.1002/cber.19350680736

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In 1939 Marker published his first paper on steroid derivatives in plants, the sapogenins, which was the fifty-third in his series of publications on steroids. 28 In this work, he proved that eminent researchers such as Windaus, 29 Noller, 30 Jacobs and Simpson, 31 Tschesche and Hagedorn 32 and, above all, the highly respected Louis Frederick Fieser (1899-1977) 33 were all wrong about the supposed structure of the side chain of sarsasapogenin, which contains 27 carbon atoms with a unique spiroketal ring. Marker cleverly found that the side chain can be disrupted by heating in acetic anhydride in a pressure reactor at 200°C for 24 hours and then using several steps to reach the 21-carbon atom pregnane skeleton.…”

Section: Early Years and Educationmentioning

confidence: 92%

The campfire stories of Russell Marker, a pioneer of chemistry

Kovács

2023

Notes Rec.

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The maverick American chemist Russell Earl Marker (1902–1995) is known for his studies on the fragmentation of organic mercury compounds, establishing the concept of the octane number, investigating the rearrangements of hydrocarbons and exploring the relationship between optical rotation and the configuration of organic compounds. His greatest achievement, however, is the elaboration of seminal isolation and synthetic methods of an important class of natural products that helped found a new industry, based on the pharmaceutical chemistry of steroids. The nomadic life of this extraordinary man demonstrates that the enormous obstacles thwarting the progress of science and technology can be surmounted by serendipity, acumen and devotion. However, his premature retirement from chemistry is a warning sign that every scientist is vulnerable and even the toughest man's perseverance can fade if the conditions worsen.

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Section: Early Years and Educationmentioning

confidence: 92%

The campfire stories of Russell Marker, a pioneer of chemistry

Kovács

2023

Notes Rec.

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“…Results obtained by Ruzicka and his co-workers (101) indicate that the skeleton of the second group of sapogenins is a trimethylpicene. The relationships between the saponins and the sterols, bile acids (111), sexual hormones, and carcinogenic compounds is one of the most provocative developments of recent chemical research (112).…”

Section: The Saponin Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of stock-poisoning plants

Couch¹

1937

J. Chem. Educ.

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HISTORY of plant poisoning in this country goes back to the time of the earliest settlements. There is record of an outbreak of poisoning in the early days of the Jamestown colony, detailed by Captain John Smith (106) in which many of the settlers were made sick by eating of the leaves of the Jimson or Jamestown weed, Datura stramonium, under the impression that they would make an agreeable salad. Smith also discovered that perennial public enemy, poison ivy, of which he speaks feelingly. Systematic study of the poisonous plant situation was undertaken by the Department of Agriculture about forty years ago under the leadership of V. K. Chesnut, whose work on the principal poisonous plants of the United States (13) is still authoritative. These studies have been continued and extended by several men, notably by Dr. C. Dwight Marsh and by A. B. Clawson who is now in charge of the general project. Much of the information that I shall present was collected by these men, to whom full credit is due.Poisonous plants may be grouped in a number of ways. They may be classified according to their botanical relationships as monocotyledons or dicotyledons, composites or legumes, or they may be arranged according to the type of physiological effect which they produce as neurotoxins, irritants, depressants, convulsants, and so on.They may be classified according to their habit as shrubs, herbs, or trees, annuals, biennials or perennials, or they may even be arranged in alphabetical order. Since we are primarily interested in the chemical relationships of these organisms, I have adopted a classification of the poisonous plants based upon the chemical groups into which their active principles naturally fall. By this method plants are divided into the following categories: the alkaloidal, glucosidal, including the cyanogenetic and saponinic, the phytotoxin, resinoid, oxalic acid, and phenolic, with a miscellaneous group into which are placed those plants whose active principles are unique in chemical characters and do not fall into any other convenient classification.The number of plants that contain toxic substances, and so are potentially poisonous, is very large and any sufficient discussion of all of them would require much more space than is at my disposal. I shall, therefore, confine this discussion to the more important poisonous plants with particular reference to those that cause notable losses of livestock in the United States. The importance of these plants may be realized when it is * Adapted from the Address of the retiring president, Chemical Society of Washington, January 9, 1936. understood that the annual losses of livestock due to plant poisoning are estimated to exceed $2,000,000 and in some years may be much larger. In one extensive outbreak in Texas it was estimated that during one spring alone animals valued at $300,000 died from the effects of one plant species. Single losses involving five to ten thousand dollars are not uncommon, while losses involving smaller amounts occur continually over the length a...

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Die Chemie der Saponine. (Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Cyclopenteno‐phenanthren‐derivate.)

Tschesche

1935

Angewandte Chemie

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Über neutrale Saponine, II. Mitteil.: Abbau eines Genins der neutralen Sapogenine zu einem Gallensäure‐Derivat

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

The campfire stories of Russell Marker, a pioneer of chemistry

The campfire stories of Russell Marker, a pioneer of chemistry

The chemistry of stock-poisoning plants

Die Chemie der Saponine. (Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Cyclopenteno‐phenanthren‐derivate.)

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