Über einige grundfragen der bildung und der haftung von zunder auf eisen

Engell, Hans‐Jürgen; Wever, Franz

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(57)90071-8

Cited by 87 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…22) In the oxidation of iron, porous scales are formed during prolonged oxidation at 850°C and during progressively shorter times at higher temperatures. 12,23) The results of this study showed the same tendency; the porosity increased with an increase in oxidation time and/or temperature, Table 1.…”

Section: Scale Morphologysupporting

confidence: 66%

Effect of O2 in Heating Atmosphere on Hydraulic Descaling in Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2008

ISIJ Int.

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Low carbon steel was oxidized over the temperature range 1 050-1 250°C in O 2 -CO 2 -H 2 O-N 2 gas mixtures. The oxidation times were 15-120 min, and the scales were 130-2 000 mm thick. The experimental parameters were chosen to approximate scale formation under conditions similar to those of reheating furnaces in hot strip mills. In the hydraulic descaling tests, two modes of scale removal were observed. In the first mode, observed in classical three-layer scales that developed an inner porous layer with low or medium porosity, the horizontal undercutting occurred at the boundary of the inner porous layer and dense scale. The second mode was observed in classical three-layer scales that developed an inner porous layer with high porosity, and in crystalline scales. In the second mode, the horizontal undercutting occurred at the first plane of large pores relative to the scale/steel interface. A rise in the concentration of free oxygen resulted in an increase in thickness of the residual scale at 1 050°C. At 1 100°C and 1 150°C, the increase in residual scale thickness with increasing free oxygen was significant in the initial 60 min of oxidation; after this period of time the differences in the thickness of the residual scale became smaller. At higher temperatures, the influence of free oxygen in the residual scale thickness was small at 1 200°C and negligible at 1 250°C. In general, the experiments showed that scale morphology controlled the removability of scale.

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Section: Scale Morphologysupporting

confidence: 66%

Effect of O2 in Heating Atmosphere on Hydraulic Descaling in Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2008

ISIJ Int.

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“…Specifically, if thin sections of alloys, such as tubes and sheets, are oxidized they increase in length with oxidation time, and the length increase decreases with thickness of the alloy section. 18,19 This can only be understood, as was first pointed out by Rhines and Wolf, by the existence of compression in the oxide. 18 The fact that the oxide is under a compressive strain during oxidation has since been confirmed by in-situ X-ray diffraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Aluminum Outward Diffusion During Oxidation of FeCrAl Alloys

2005

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The outward flux of aluminum during the oxidation of four similar aluminaforming alloys is determined using two types of experiments. One is measurement of the total thickness of the oxide and the ratio of the thickness of the characteristic equiaxed layer to the total oxide thickness. The second is measurement of the new oxide formed along the grain boundaries of the oxide upon re-oxidation. The former provides information about the ratio of outward diffusion of aluminum to inward diffusion of oxygen during oxidation. The latter experiment directly quantifies the outward flux of aluminum as a function of oxide thickness. Both the outward aluminum flux and the ratio of inward to outward diffusional fluxes are found to vary with the minor concentrations of "reactive element" alloying additions. Specifically, Y in solution in the alloy is found to limit outward aluminum diffusion more than Zr in solution, with Y 2 O 3 limiting aluminum diffusion more than Zr, Y, and ZrO 2 .

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confidence: 99%