Über die Wirkung von Acetylcholin auf die Pilomotoren

Brucke, F

doi:10.1007/bf01778952

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Block at Postganglionic Terminations. — We confirmed the observation of Brücke (1935) that, when a large amount of acetylcholine or of nicotine was injected into the skin at the base of a tuft of hair of the cat's tail, the effect of stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain was blocked, so that, while the adjacent tufts, respectively nearer to and further from the base of the tail, were erected during stimulation, the tuft at the site of injection remained unaffected. Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibres

Burn

Rand

1997

British J Pharmacology

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When the postganglionic fibres to the nictitating membrane are stimulated in a cat treated with reserpine, the membrane contracts. The contraction is increased after the injection of eserine and is abolished with atropine. Thus the fibres stimulated appear to be cholinergic. When the splenic nerve is stimulated in a cat treated with reserpine there is similar evidence of the presence of cholinergic fibres ; the spleen dilates, the dilatation is greater in the presence of eserine and is abolished by atropine. The hypogastric nerves when stimulated cause inhibition of the uterus of the virgin cat. When the cat is treated with reserpine, stimulation then causes contraction which is increased in the presence of eserine and abolished by atropine. There is also evidence of cholinergic fibres in the postganglionic supply to the vessels of the rabbit's ear. From this and other evidence it is suggested that a form of adrenergic mechanism may exist such that cholinergic fibres in the postganglionic sympathetic supply liberate acetylcholine ; this in turn liberates noradrenaline from a store around the sympathetic nerve ending.Many effects produced in the body by stimulation of sympathetic nerves are also produced by acetylcholine (after atropine) and by nicotine acting peripherally. Vasoconstriction in the vessels of the isolated and perfused rabbit ear is an example. Since these effects of acetylcholine and of nicotine disappear (a) after treatment of the animal with reserpine and (b) after degeneration of the sympathetic nerves, it seemed that the effwts might actually be mediated through some part of the sympathetic mechanism. Cholinergic fibres have been shown to occur in various sympathetic nerves, the first demonstration of them having been made by Euler and Gaddum (1931).We have therefore carried out an investigation to see if fibres liberating acetylcholine were present in postganglionic sympathetic nerves generally, and have studied the supply to the nictitating membrane, the spleen, the uterus of the nonpregnant cat and the perfused rabbit ear. Bacq and Fredericq (1935) had already given evidence for the presence of cholinergic fibres in the nictitating membrane. We thought that if sympathetic nerves in general contained cholinergic fibres. the acetylcholine liberated might then have the same effect as injected acetylcholine or nicotine. METHODS Our method has been to study the effect of stimulating postganglionic sympathetic fibres in cats or rabbits treated with reserpine. This treatment reduces or removes the store of noradrenaline present around the sympathetic nerve endings and makes it easier to see effects which might be produced by release of acetylcholine.Reserpine was dissolved in a 20"; solution of ascorbic acid, and usually a 1 ' % solution was prepared which was injected into the peritoneal cavity on two successive days. The animal was used for the experiment on the third day. The amount injected was 1.5 mg./kg. on each day. The animals were kept in a warm room at a temperature of 27".For observatio...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibres

Burn

Rand

1997

British J Pharmacology

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“…Finally, it may be pointed out that Brucke (1935) showed that, whereas the intracutaneous injection of a small dose of acetylcholine caused a pilomotor response in the cat's tail, a large dose blocked the response to sympathetic stimulation; this observation supports the idea that there is a cholinergic link in the release of noradrenaline, and adds to the likelihood that bretylium and guanethidine are substances which block this link. SUMMARY 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Substances blocking sympathetic post‐ganglionic fibres and the neuromuscular junction.

Burn¹,

Seltzer²

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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In an earlier paper Burn & Froede (1963) described the action exerted on post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres by phenyltrimethylammonium. They showed that this substance, like bretylium, blocked the response to stimulation according to the frequency used, and that stimulation at high frequencies was blocked earlier than stimulation at low frequencies. This indicated that the action was not that of a local anaesthetic. They chose phenyltrimethylammonium because Riker (1953) had shown that it had a curare-like action at the neuromuscular junction, and it was therefore well suited to test the view that substances which blocked the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction would also block the release of noradrenaline by impulses passing along the sympathetic post-ganglionic fibres. This view was based on the hypothesis of Burn & Rand (1959) that the sympathetic impulse first released acetylcholine, and this in turn released noradrenaline.Dixit, Gulati & Gokhale (1961) showed that both bretylium and guanethidine blocked the response of the rat diaphragm to stimulation of the phrenic nerve without affecting the response to direct stimulation of the diaphragm. They compared these substances with decamethonium and D-tubocurarine. The significance of their results has been criticized on the ground that the concentrations of bretylium and of guanethidine needed to block the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation were high, and that a feeble action was of no significance. We have therefore repeated the observations of Dixit et al. on bretylium and guanethidine, and we have also examined the action of mecamylamine on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm. Recently Burn & Gibbons (1964a) showed that mecamylamine exerted a blocking action in the sympathetic post-ganglionic fibre. We have also tested the action of D-tubocurarine, dihydro-,8-erythroidine, tetraethylammonium and decamethonium on the sympathetic postganglionic fibre.

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“…Brucke (1935) found occasional pilomotor activity but mostly he obtained no effect at all. Burn, Leach, Rand & Thompson (1959) found pilomotor activity more frequently than Brucke though not constantly, whilst Coon & Rothman (1940) imply that acetylcholine in low doses is always effective in producing piloerection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The isolated pilomotor muscles as an in vitro preparation

Hellmann¹

1963

The Journal of Physiology

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Relatively little work has been done on the physiology of the arrector pili or pilomotor muscles of the skin, and none at all appears to have been done in vitro. This is understandable, since the pilomotor muscles are discrete, microscopic, smooth-muscle bundles which cannot be dissected out easily. They are attached at one end to the hair follicles and at the other to the inner surface of the basal layer of the epidermis. Because neither of these attachments are to rigid structures a contraction produces a twofold effect; the hairs stand up and the epidermis immediately above the epidermal insertion is pulled downwards so that 'goose-skin' appears. Both manifestations occur simultaneously and each has been used to study the behaviour of the pilomotor muscles in situ (

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Über die Wirkung von Acetylcholin auf die Pilomotoren

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibres

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibres

Substances blocking sympathetic post‐ganglionic fibres and the neuromuscular junction.

The isolated pilomotor muscles as an in vitro preparation

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