Über die röntgenspektroskopische Bestimmung des Gewichtsanteiles eines Elementes in Gemengen und Verbindungen

Glocker, R.; Frohnmayer, W.

doi:10.1002/andp.19253810403

Cited by 76 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A dual-energy subtraction technique [53], [54] has been used to address the issue of obscuring bones. Dual-energy chest radiographs can be obtained by either a rapid sequence of two exposures, each at a different energy level [e.g., one at 60-80 kV and the other at 110-150 kV] [55]- [58], or a single exposure that is detected by two receptor plates separated by a filter for obtaining images at two different energy levels [44], [48], [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-processing technique for suppressing ribs in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN)

Suzuki

Abé

MacMahon

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

212

157

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Abstract-When lung nodules overlap with ribs or clavicles in chest radiographs, it can be difficult for radiologists as well as computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) schemes to detect these nodules. In this paper, we developed an image-processing technique for suppressing the contrast of ribs and clavicles in chest radiographs by means of a multiresolution massive training artificial neural network (MTANN). An MTANN is a highly nonlinear filter that can be trained by use of input chest radiographs and the corresponding "teaching" images. We employed "bone" images obtained by use of a dual-energy subtraction technique as the teaching images. For effective suppression of ribs having various spatial frequencies, we developed a multiresolution MTANN consisting of multiresolution decomposition/composition techniques and three MTANNs for three different-resolution images. After training with input chest radiographs and the corresponding dual-energy bone images, the multiresolution MTANN was able to provide "bone-image-like" images which were similar to the teaching bone images. By subtracting the bone-image-like images from the corresponding chest radiographs, we were able to produce "soft-tissue-image-like" images where ribs and clavicles were substantially suppressed. We used a validation test database consisting of 118 chest radiographs with pulmonary nodules and an independent test database consisting of 136 digitized screen-film chest radiographs with 136 solitary pulmonary nodules collected from 14 medical institutions in this study. When our technique was applied to nontraining chest radiographs, ribs and clavicles in the chest radiographs were suppressed substantially, while the visibility of nodules and lung vessels was maintained. Thus, our image-processing technique for rib suppression by means of a multiresolution MTANN would be potentially useful for radiologists as well as for CAD schemes in detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-processing technique for suppressing ribs in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN)

Suzuki

Abé

MacMahon

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

212

157

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“…Article available at http://mmm.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmm:0199300406051300 differential X-ray microscopy have been known for a long time [6][7][8][9][10]. They consist in obtaining two images of the specimen by using two different photon energies, El and E2, situated on the two sides of an absorption edge energy of the element to be visualized.…”

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confidence: 99%

A new quantification procedure for elemental mapping by X-ray (absorption) microscopy

Cazaux

1993

Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct.

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Abstract. 2014 In this paper, the principles of a new procedure for analytical X-ray microscopy (AXRM) are given and they apply for any kind of microscopes based on the use of conventional X-ray sources or of synchrotron radiation. Over the differential approach, its advantages are to minimize the number of irradiations to be used and its ability to map elements (or species) even when the investigated photon energy range does not include the threshold energy of some components. An additional advantage is that it permits to distinguish between thickness contrast and chemical contrast of the initial images via the thickness mapping. The factors influencing the precision on the concentrations measurements are discussed and it is shown that the sensitivity may reach 10-5 at/at. for the detection of medium elements embedded in very light matrices for photons in the 5-20 keV range. In fact, the measured intensities may be influenced by fluorescence effects and by the possible non-monochromaticity of the incident beams, mainly when classical X-ray sources are used (such as in X-ray projection microscopy) and correction procedures dealing with these effects are given. Some concepts developed here may also be adapted to conventional X-ray radiography and tomography.

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“…A', the more nearly (in the simplest case) I O = I ; and k8 = k;. (9) If equation 9 is valid, then by substitution, and by subtracting equation 7 from equation 6, one obtains log I'/I = (kHr -kA,)mx = --cmx.…”

Section: X-ray Absorption Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

X‐ray Absorption in Chemical Analysis and Control

Liebhafsky

1951

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Three X-ray processes are potentially useful in analytical chemistry: the diffraction of X rays by crystals, the emission of characteristic spectra, and the absorption of X rays by matter. The first process can establish structure and composition. The others establish composition only. In the past, the analytical chemist has used each process to a very limited extent, because there was no convenient way to measure the intensity of an X-ray beam with sufficient speed and precision. Of the three, he has logically found that X-ray difiraction is the most useful for the following reasons: first, he had many ways of determining composition, but few of establishing structure; second, it is often possible by X-ray methods to establish structure, but usually it is impossible to do quantitative analysis without making a precise intensity measurement. As a consequence, the unique contribution that X-ray absorption methods can make to chemical analysis and control, though long known to physicists, has not been generally appreciated.Owing to marked and relatively recent progress in measuring the intensity of X-ray beams, this situation is now changing. There are available today three X-ray detectors that convert X-ray beams into electric currents proportional in magnitude under the simplest conditions to the intensities of the beams. These devices are the ionization chamber, the Geiger counter, and the photoelectric X-ray detector. The ionization chamber, the oldest of the three, has found little or no recent application in chemical analysis or control, nor, in view of the generally greater suitability of the other two devices, is it likely to do so. The analytical chemist can proceed on the basis that the Geiger counter or the photoelectric detector, both of which will be discussed subsequently, are capable of meeting any reasonable requirements that he is likely to impose. He is thus in a position to realize the advantages of X-ray absorptometry, some of which accrue from the facts that it can be accomplished without noticeably altering the sample, and that a single measurement can often be made in a matter of seconds once the sample is in the beam.The advantages and limitations of X-ray absorptometry are in general deducible from the known characteristics of X rays. The reader is referred to several excellent This brief review, being largely qualitative, will present only the necessary minimum of fundamental information about X rays, and it cannot discuss all the advantages or limitations of X-ray absorptometry. (For a more complete treatment, see bibliographical reference 5 and others listed in the bibliography therein.)The outstanding characteristic of X rays, from which certain others derive, is their high energy, or small wavelength (near 1 i.). Because of this characteristic, the absorption of X rays usually 997 for a thorough discussion of these.X-Ray A bsorptioii Described.

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Über die röntgenspektroskopische Bestimmung des Gewichtsanteiles eines Elementes in Gemengen und Verbindungen

Cited by 76 publications

References 6 publications

Image-processing technique for suppressing ribs in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN)

Image-processing technique for suppressing ribs in chest radiographs by means of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN)

A new quantification procedure for elemental mapping by X-ray (absorption) microscopy

X‐ray Absorption in Chemical Analysis and Control

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