Über die kathodische hypochlorit-reduktion an paraffinierten graphitelektroden

A Parametric Study and Computer‐Based Simulation of an Undivided Sodium Hypochlorite Electrolyzer

“…Cathodic losses.--The reduction of the OC1-ion, as well as its undissociated counterpart, is well understood. Wolf and Landsberg (10) studied this reduction in alkaline solutions on graphite electrode at OC1concentrations of up to 1.2 X 10 -8 mole liter -1, finding reduction currents of the order of 1 mA 9 cm -2 and a mechanism that agreed with their earlier work [Schwarzer and ~ Landsberg (11)] as well as that of Mueller ( 12) on platinum cathodes. The latter author derives the expression…”

“…At zero OC1-/HOC1 concentration and the very high (273 g/liter) concentration of C103-, a certain amount of reduction of the latter takes place and from 2-8% of the cathodic current could be so consumed (steel cathode, pH 10, 14-10O A 9 -2, 25~ Again it is true to say that under normal hypochlorite cell operating conditions, this source of loss will not be significant. Seen from the over-all cathodic operation viewpoint, it is probably true to say that reactions [9] and [10] are the dominant ones and that the aim in cell design should be to offer a cathode on which these reactions proceed with the lowest overpotential, thus minimizing this contribution to cell voltage. Reduction of hypochlorite on Fe cathodes has been studied (14).…”

“…It is becoming increasingly evident that many cellular functions involve a control or regulatory step occurring at the cell's cytoplasmic membrane (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Often this involves the activation of certain membrane-bound enzymes by the specific interaction of charged species such as ions (8)(9)(10) and hormones (11,12). Because of the type of over-all molecular structure of the proteincontaining lipid membrane (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), it has been possible to postulate that these regulating interactions occur at interfaces or surfaces and that they are dynamic and potential dependent (19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

“…and from the main cathodic reactions (Eq. [9] and [10]) the current available for H2 formation (ill2) equals the total cathodic current minus the current for hypochlorite reduction, i.e. ills = iTc --ired [27] where iWc = total cathodic current density (milliamperes per square centimeter) and /red = current density for hypochlorite reduction (milliamperes per square centimeter).…”