Über die Beobachtung der Cupula in den Bogengangsampullen des Labyrinths des lebenden Hechts

Steinhausen, Wilhelm

doi:10.1007/bf01754806

Cited by 224 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…In turn, a smaller change in vestibular afferent firing rate would result from equivalent head accelerations. Although we did not directly measure endolymph movement, we can obtain a rough estimate by modeling the canal system as a fluid-filled duct in the torsion pendulum model first described by Steinhausen (1933). Based upon this model, we would expect the sensitivity to head velocity to vary as a function of the square of the internal radius of the membranous canal (r 2 ; see Appendix).…”

Section: Sensitivity To Head Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotational Responses of Vestibular–Nerve Afferents Innervating the Semicircular Canals in the C57BL/6 Mouse

Lasker

Han

Park

et al. 2008

JARO

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Extracellular recordings were made from vestibularnerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals in anesthetized C57BL/6 mice ranging in age from 4-24 weeks. A normalized coefficient of variation was used to divide afferents into regular (CV*G0.1) and irregular (CV*90.1) groups. There were three overall conclusions from this study. First, mouse afferents resemble those of other mammals in properties such as resting discharge rate and dependence of response dynamics on discharge regularity. Second, there are differences in mouse afferents relative to other mammals that are likely related to the smaller size of the semicircular canals. The rotational sensitivity of mouse afferents is approximately threefold lower than that reported for afferents in other mammals. One consequence of the lower sensitivity is that mouse afferents have a larger linear range for encoding head velocity. The long time constant of afferent discharge, which is a measure of low-frequency response dynamics, is shorter in mouse afferents than in other species. Third, juvenile mice (age 4-7 weeks) appear to lack a class of low-sensitivity, highly irregular afferents that are present in adult animals (age 10-24 weeks). By analogy to studies in the chinchilla, these irregular afferents with low sensitivities for lower rotational frequencies correspond to calyx-only afferents. These findings suggest that, although the calyx ending on to type I hair cells is morphologically complete in mice by the age of about 1 month, the physiological response properties in these juvenile animals are not equivalent to those in adults.

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Section: Sensitivity To Head Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotational Responses of Vestibular–Nerve Afferents Innervating the Semicircular Canals in the C57BL/6 Mouse

Lasker

Han

Park

et al. 2008

JARO

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“…The response dynamics of vestibular afferents have been described using a torsion-pendulum model combined with a lead operator (Dickman and Correia 1989b;Fernandez and Goldberg 1971). The torsion-pendulum model uses the physical characteristics of the semicircular canal system to describe the displacement of the cupula in terms of head velocity in the form ( 1 s)/( 1 s ϩ 1)( 2 s ϩ 1), where the "long time constant" 1 depends mainly on the elastic restoring force of the cupular membrane, the "short time constant" 2 depends mainly on the time constant of viscous flow of the endolymph, and s is an operator denoting time differentiation in the Laplace domain (Steinhausen 1933). In chinchillas, 1 has been calculated directly from afferent responses as 4.37 s for regular units and 3.96 s for irregular units, with an average value of 4.25 s (Baird et al 1988).…”

Section: Calculation Of Lead Operator and Transfer Function Fitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Irregularly Discharging Chinchilla Semicircular Canal Vestibular-Nerve Afferents During High-Frequency Head Rotations

Hullar

Santina

Hirvonen

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

115

110

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Responses of irregularly discharging chinchilla semicircular canal vestibularnerve afferents during high-frequency head rotations. J Neurophysiol 93: 2777-2786, 2005. First published December 15, 2004 doi: 10.1152/jn.01002.2004. Mammalian vestibular-nerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals have been divided into groups according to their discharge regularity, gain at 2-Hz rotational stimulation, and morphology. Low-gain irregular afferents terminate in calyx endings in the central crista, high-gain irregular afferents synapse more peripherally in dimorphic (bouton and calyx) endings, and regular afferents terminate in the peripheral zone as bouton-only and dimorphic endings. The response dynamics of these three groups have been described only up to 4 Hz in previous studies. Reported here are responses of chinchilla semicircular canal vestibular-nerve afferents to rotational stimuli at frequencies up to 16 Hz. The sensitivity of all afferents increased with increasing frequency with the sensitivity of low-gain irregular afferents increasing the most and matching the high-gain irregular afferents at 16 Hz. All afferents increased their phase lead with respect to stimulus velocity at higher frequencies with the highest leads in low-gain irregular afferents and the lowest in regular afferents. No attenuation of sensitivity or shift in phase consistent with the presence of a high-frequency pole over the range tested was noted. Responses were best fit with a torsion-pendulum model combined with a lead operator ( HF1 s ϩ 1)( HF2 s ϩ 1). The discharge regularity of individual afferents was correlated to the value of each afferent's lead operator time constants. These findings suggest that low-gain irregular afferents are well suited for encoding the onset of rapid head movements, a property that would be advantageous for initiation of reflexes with short latency such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

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“…This deflection is sensed by afferent nerve cells leading to the perception of angular motion. Since the first mathematical model for SCC by Steinhausen (1933) several contributions have been made to explain the (fluid) dynamics of SCC (most recently Van Buskirk and Grant, 1973;Van Buskirk, 1977;Rabbitt and Damiano, 1992;Damiano and Rabbitt, 1996;Obrist, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro model of a semicircular canal: Design and validation of the model and its use for the study of canalithiasis

Obrist

Hegemann

Kronenberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomechanics

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Über die Beobachtung der Cupula in den Bogengangsampullen des Labyrinths des lebenden Hechts

Cited by 224 publications

References 0 publications

Rotational Responses of Vestibular–Nerve Afferents Innervating the Semicircular Canals in the C57BL/6 Mouse

Rotational Responses of Vestibular–Nerve Afferents Innervating the Semicircular Canals in the C57BL/6 Mouse

Responses of Irregularly Discharging Chinchilla Semicircular Canal Vestibular-Nerve Afferents During High-Frequency Head Rotations

In vitro model of a semicircular canal: Design and validation of the model and its use for the study of canalithiasis

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