Über die Ätiologie der Lippen-Kieferspaltformen und Gaumenspalten beim Menschen und im Tierexperiment

Position, shape, and dimension of the maxilla in unoperated cleft lip and palate patients: Review of the literature

“…This predisposition can be further strengthened by detrimental environmental influences (ϭ exogenous factors), which include ''social poisons'' (alcohol, tobacco, etc.) (Ericson et al, 1979); drugs (Pfeifer and von Kreybig, 1975); metabolic disturbances or infectious diseases of the mother (Gabka, 1955;Pfeifer, 1981); lack of oxygen (Millicovsky and Johnston, 1981;Bronsky et al, 1986;Bailey et al, 1995); stress (Strean and Peer, 1956); and ionizing radiation (Hoppe, 1965). With a combination of etiologic factors such as hereditary predisposition and environmental influences, one speaks of an additive polygenia with a threshold value effect (Schulze, 1981;Hillig, 1982).…”

“…With a combination of etiologic factors such as hereditary predisposition and environmental influences, one speaks of an additive polygenia with a threshold value effect (Schulze, 1981;Hillig, 1982). Worldwide, the frequency of facial cleft deformities is increasing continuously (Pfeifer and von Kreybig, 1975;Grimm, 1990;Qiu, 1991;Stellmach, 1992). Statistics from the 1930s indicate a frequency of cleft deformities in about 1 in 1,000 births.…”