Über den Zusammenhang der Kimmtiefe mit meteorologischen Größen

Hasse, Lutz

doi:10.1007/bf02226199

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A compensating change of w will return the lower end of the profile to its previous position. This is similar to the procedure used by Hasse [46,47] in reducing dip observations. The resulting logarithmic model, truncated below by waves, has been used to model dip [44], inferiormirage green flashes [1,48], and the mirage of Mount Rainier [2].…”

Section: A Optical Obstructionsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Inferior mirages: an improved model

Young

2015

Appl. Opt.

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A quantitative model of the inferior mirage is presented, based on a realistic temperature profile in the convective boundary layer, using Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The top of the inverted image is determined by the logarithmic part of the profile; the bottom is the apparent horizon, which depends on optical obstruction by roughness elements. These effects of surface roughness are included in the model, which is illustrated with a simulation. The vertical magnification varies throughout the mirage, becoming infinite at Minnaert's ill-named "vanishing line"-which makes green flashes apparent to the naked eye.

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Section: A Optical Obstructionsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This effect explains Kelly's observation [20] that mirages and dip are related to wind speed. For this reason, the temperature at the effective horizon level is much closer to the free air temperature than to the sea-surface temperature; see the extensive discussions by Freiesleben [45] and by Hasse [46,47].…”

Section: A Optical Obstructionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inferior mirages: an improved model

Young

2015

Appl. Opt.

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“…Other observations from the open sea indicate that in the neutral case the Tellus XV (1963), 4 mean deviations between surface and subsurface temperatures are negligible. This may be deduced from optical measurements of temperature gradients just above the sea surface, which showed adiabatic gradients of air temperature when the temperature difference between air and sea was adiabatic (BROCKS, 1953;HASSE 1960). A presentation of 150 observations made in the Baltic Sea and in the North Sea under neutral conditions (and some additional under stable conditions) may therefore be a welcome contribution.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the cooling of the sea surface by evaporation and heat exchange

Hasse¹

1963

TellusA

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Differences between surface and subsurface water-temperature are causcd by evaporation, long-wave radiation and exchange of sensible heat. The relative importance of these three components is discussed, especially with aid of observations under neutral conditions. Evaporation as well as hack radiation contributes to a cooling of the surface of 0.1 to 0.2 centigrade under neutral conditions, while under diahatic conditions greater surface temperature deviations are caused by heat exchange.

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“…3 We may start from the question why there is a difference between the geometrical and the mean dip. For a better understanding of the table and of certain peculiarities a short description of the factors which cause deviations of the dip from the normal value will be given.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3 They have been reduced for different conditions of wave-motion in the open sea. The aim of this paper is to present a new table of 'air-sea temperature correction of the dip' for use in navigation at sea.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature-difference Corrections for the Dip of the Horizon

Hasse

1964

J. Navigation

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For some time there has been an interest in nautical circles in the effect of temperature-differences between air and sea on the dip of the horizon. In about 1900, from his observations on board K.K.S. Pola, Koss established a relationship between the dip and the temperature-difference between air and sea, and an attempt was made, without much success, to produce corrections based on this relationship. New observations seemed only to add new uncertainties. A recent comprehensive review of the subject draws the conclusion that for practical purposes it is impossible to calculate the dip from measured temperatures by means of theoretical or empirical formulas. Indeed it is not possible to calculate the dip from simple measurements of temperatures at a given point to within o′·1 or o′·2. Horizontal irregularities, especially of thermal stratification and of wave height, always cause deviations of the dip from its calculated value. Nevertheless it is sound practice to correct the mean dip for temperature differences between air and sea. An analysis of observations where there are large temperature-differences—i.e. cases where the correction becomes noticeable—shows that the dip is greater or smaller than normal if the air is, respectively, cooler or warmer than the water. Out of 179 observations made by the Institute of Geophysics at Hamburg University with temperature-differences between air and sea greater than 2°C, not a single observation did not obey this rule.

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Über den Zusammenhang der Kimmtiefe mit meteorologischen Größen

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Inferior mirages: an improved model

Inferior mirages: an improved model

On the cooling of the sea surface by evaporation and heat exchange

Temperature-difference Corrections for the Dip of the Horizon

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