Über den Stoffwechsel der Cholsäure und Desoxycholsäure in der Ratte. X. Mitteilung über Steroide und Gallensäuren

Bergström, Sune; Rottenberg, Max; Sjövall, Jan

doi:10.1515/bchm2.1953.295.1.278

Cited by 52 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…At present the most plausible scheme of cholesterol breakdown in the rat involves the conversion of cholesterol to desoxycholic acid (15) and the subsequent hydroxylation of desoxycholic acid to yield cholic acid (16). The demonstration in the present study that cholesterol can be converted to desoxycholic acid as well as to cholic acid is consistent with the idea that such a pathway may also be present in man.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Cholesterol Metabolism in Man

Siperstein¹,

Murray²

1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Cholesterol Metabolism in Man

Siperstein¹,

Murray²

1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The significance of the 'H-labeled compounds with the mobility of cholylglycine is unknown. According to available evidence, neither chenodeoxycholic nor deoxycholic acid is hydroxylated in the liver of man (19)(20)(21), and if rehydroxylation occurred in our studies its magnitude was small; 7-rehydroxylation of deoxycholic acid does occur in the liver of several other species (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Metabolism of steroid and amino acid moieties of conjugated bile acids in man

Hepner¹,

Hofmann²,

Thomas³

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Chenodeoxycholyl -2,4 -3H -glycine -1 -1C and deoxycholyl-2,4-3H-glycine-1-14C were synthesized and administered orally to 10 healthy subjects. Distribution of radioactivity among bile acids and specific activity of steroid and amino acid moieties were determined in bile samples. 3H and 14C were measured in feces.4C in breath was calculated from interval "CO2 specific activity determinations.The daily fractional turnover of the glycine moiety of chenodeoxycholyl and deoxycholylglycines was more than three times that of the steroid moiety. Pool size of chenodeoxycholylglycine was about twice that of deoxycholylglycine, but similar fractional turnover rates of steroid and amino acid moieties suggested that intestinal absorption of the two conjugated bile acids was equally efficient (about 95%). The amount of unlabeled deoxycholic acid (newly formed by bacterial 7a-dehydroxylation) absorbed from the intestine approximated 30% of the cholic acid that was lost. 3H radioactivity remained predominantly in administered bile acid implying that, normally, secondary bile acids derived from chenodeoxycholic acid are not appreciably absorbed from the intestine and that deoxycholic acid is not hydroxylated by the liver.Approximately 25% of administered 14C was recovered in the breath in the first 24 hr and less than 8% in the feces in 8 days; "CO2 excretion correlated highly with fractional turnover of the glycine moiety. 3H appeared predominantly in feces, and the rate of excretion correlated highly with the fractional turnover of the steroid moiety of bile acids. From the results in this paper plus previous measurements on the metabolism of cholylglycine, we calculated that about 6 mmoles/day of glycine is used for bile acid conjugation in health.

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“…However, Verzar and McDougall (18) did suggest that bile salts might be of importance on the mucosal cell surface and Borgstrdm (19), on the basis of balance studies in rats with bile and lymph fistulae, inferred that these salts had an intracellular function. Further evidence for such an action is that 24 hours after an injection of C14-labeled cholate the major portion of the label remaining in the tissues was present in the small intestinal mucosa (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Lipid Metabolism in the Small Intestine With Observations on the Role of Bile Salts*†

Dawson¹,

Isselbacher²

1960

J. Clin. Invest.

269

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It is now well established that the esterification of long chain fatty acids is an important step in their transport across the small intestinal mucosa before they appear in the lymph in chylomicrons. Evidence for this process has been well reviewed recently (1, 2). The main ester formed by the mucosa is triglyceride but a small proportion of the fatty acids is incorporated into phospholipids and cholesterol esters. We have recently reported some in vitro studies on the incorporation of long chain fatty acids into glycerides using homogenates of rat and human small intestine mucosa and have delineated some of the cofactor requirements involved (3). This work has now been extended to the intact mucosa of the rat. Observations are presented on factors influencing the uptake and esterification of palmitate-1-C4 and the incorporation of label into lipid from C14-glucose. In addition, evidence is presented for the concept that conjugated bile salts directly stimulate glyceride metabolism in the intestinal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODSPalmitic acid-1-C14 and uniformly labeled glucose-C4 were obtained from the Volk Radiochemical Company, Chicago, Illinois. The C14-labeled palmitate was purified and made up into a solution as previously described (2 purity tested by melting point determinations and paper chromatography (5). Hydrolysis of the conjugated bile salts, glycocholate and taurodesoxycholate was carried out by dissolving them in 2 N NaOH and then heating in sealed Pyrex tubes at 140°C for 3 hours. The resulting solution was diluted with water, acidified, and the precipitated free bile salt filtered, washed and dried. In earlier experiments commercial sodium taurocholate (Pfanstiehl Laboratory, Waukegan, Ill.) was used. This contained a faint trace of glycocholate which could only be demonstrated by chromatography when there was heavy overloading of Whatman no. 3 filter paper. No unconjugated bile salts were present but there were some contaminating pigments. The commercial taurocholate gave substantially the same results as the synthetic material which was used in later experiments.Female albino rats (Charles River Laboratories, Boston, Mass.) weighing 150 to 250 g were fasted overnight. They were killed by a blow on the head and the small intestine washed out at room temperature with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, modified to contain half the usual concentration of calcium. This buffer was used in all the experiments described. The small intestine was everted on a glass rod following the technique of Wilson and Wiseman (6) and then cut across so as to form small cylindrical segments or intestinal rings. These measured approximately oneeighth inch (lengthwise) and weighed between 80 to 150 mg (wet weight). Since one of the problems in using slices or sacs of small intestine in metabolic studies is the variation in activity along this organ, some preliminary experiments were performed to determine the distribution of esterifying activity along the intestine. It was found that under optimal cond...

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Über den Stoffwechsel der Cholsäure und Desoxycholsäure in der Ratte. X. Mitteilung über Steroide und Gallensäuren

Cited by 52 publications

References 1 publication

Cholesterol Metabolism in Man

Cholesterol Metabolism in Man

Metabolism of steroid and amino acid moieties of conjugated bile acids in man

Studies on Lipid Metabolism in the Small Intestine With Observations on the Role of Bile Salts*†

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