Über den biologischen Abbau nichtionogener Waschmittel unter aeroben Bedingungen

Borstlap, C.; Kortland, C.

doi:10.1002/lipi.19670691013

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This paper discusses an environmental response study for three of the major types of surfactants derived from linear primary alcohols, highly branched primary alcohols and branched nonylphenols. Nonionics derived from the nonylphenols have also been studied extensively (3,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Each of these nonionic classes is a complex mixture of homologs and isomers.…”

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Influence of hydrophobe type and extent of branching on environmental response factors of nonionic surfactants

Kravetz

Salanitro

Dorn

et al. 1991

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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A number of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants differing in hydrophobe branching and chainlengths have been evaluated for environmental responses. Screening biodegradation tests show that those nonionics having more than one methyl group per hydrophobe degrade considerably slower than those having less extensive branching. Continuous flow-through activated sludge tests, simulating actual waste treatment, show that the more highly branched nonionics biodegrade more slowly and less extensively than those with less hydrophobe branching. In addition, treated effluents originating from influents containing the more highly branched nonionics tend to be more surface active and more toxic to aquatic species than those originating from influents containing surfactants with less hydrophobe branching. Under conditions simulating plant stress, such as high surfactant concentrations in the influent or low temperature, biodegradation of the highly branched nonionics was considerably less extensive, while biodegradation of the linear nonionics was not affected to any measurable degree compared to more normal operating conditions. KEY WORDS: Activated sludge, alcohol ethoxylates, aquatic toxicity, linear and branched hydrophobes, nonylphenol ethoxylates, primary and ultimate biodegradation.

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confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrophobe type and extent of branching on environmental response factors of nonionic surfactants

Kravetz

Salanitro

Dorn

et al. 1991

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…The ease of destruction of surfactant properties by microorganisms has been a major concern in the development of methods for evaluating nonionic surfactant biodegradability. Many extraction procedures used in nonionic surfactant biodegradation experiments have therefore been designed to selectively isolate the parent surfactant material (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)). An expanding knowledge of the subtlety of environmental impact demands that biodegradability testing must include observation of the appearance of transient or recalcitrant products as well as the disappearance of a parent compound.…”

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confidence: 99%