Über das Scandium

Scandium Sulfate Complexation in Aqueous Solution by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy

“…The corrected conductivities were therefore calculated as κ* ) κ -Λ H 2 SO 4 c H 2 SO 4 . The molar conductivities (Λ Sc 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) κ*/c) so obtained continue the trend in the reported lowconcentration (c e 5 mM) low-frequency conductivities [30][31][32] quite well (Figure 3).…”

“…The low molar conductivity (Figure 3) of Sc 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) has, in combination with ion migration data, been attributed to the formation of [Sc(SO 4 ) 3 ] 3-(aq). [30][31][32][33] Since trans-[Sc(SO 4 ) 2 (OH 2 ) 4 ] -(aq) will not be detected by DRS (see above), it seems reasonable to assume that, apart from cis-[Sc(SO 4 ) 2 (OH 2 ) 4 ] -(aq), the only other species contributing to process 1 is [Sc(SO 4 ) 3 ] 3-(aq). No information could be found on the structure of this species in solution but, assuming monodentate sulfate and an octahedrally coordinated [Sc(SO 4 ) 3 (OH 2 ) 3 ] 3species, both mer and fac isomers are possible.…”

The Basicity Characteristics of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Rare Earth Elements.

“…The conductivity data are such that most authors agree that yttrium and rare earth salts of the types RC13, R(N03)3, and R2(SC>4)3 cannot be extensively hydrolyzed even in highly dilute solutions (28,200, 242, 360). Scandium compounds, however, are more highly hydrolyzed (28,282), as would be expected.…”

“…Thus, solutions of the bromides of cerium, neodymium, and samarium were alkaline to methyl orange (41); chloride solutions were neu- tral to methyl orange (249); salts of strong acids were found not to hydrolyze (43); lanthanum bromide was only slightly hydrolyzed (383); dysprosium chloride solution was found to be nearly neutral to litmus (134); lanthanum sulfate solutions were "neutral" (58,205); lanthanum and cerous acetates were not strongly hydrolyzed (248); and lanthanum chloride was found to be less hydrolyzed than the chloride of any other trivalent metal (203,204). Scandium salts, however, appear to be more highly hydrolyzed (28,282,388,389), as is to be expected from the somewhat smaller size of the scandium ion. In the presence of fairly strongly basic anions such as the azide or nitrite, hydrolysis is more extensive (2, 98, 172) and may become nearly complete at elevated temperatures (2, 98, 225).…”

“…Numerous conductivity studies upon solutions of salts of scandium, yttrium, and the rare earth elements have been reported (28,55,59,60,81,200,203,206,207,220,222,248,258,281,282,307,326,355,360). While some of the data are doubtless inaccurate because of the use of relatively impure materials, most of the results are in sufficiently good agreement to permit comparisons.…”