Über Darstellung und Verarbeitung von Organomagnesiumverbindungen ohne Anwendung von Äther, II. Mitteil.: Über die Einwirkung von Magnesium auf verschiedenen Alkyl‐ und Arylchloride
Abstract:Reide Fraktionen wurden einzeln in Gegenwart von Pd-Kohle bei 300° d e h y d r i e r t . Die Fraktion 210--220~ entwickelte dabei weniger Wasserstoff, als die hijher siedende. Die Erechungsindices beider Fraktionen waren nach der Dehydrierung: n:;'.: = 1.4797 und niP.5 = 1.4980. Die bei der Dehydrieruiig geworxenen Produkte zeigen beide gesattigten Cliarakter. Nach der Uestillation iiber Natrium wurde ein Kohlenwasserstoff voni Sdp. 205 -207O erhalten ; der Rest siedete iibcr z30°. E r krystallisierte beiin Er… Show more
“…Identification of the amyltoluenes was hampered by the lack of characterization data in the literature. Most of the reported work dealing with amyltoluenes has either lacked purification of the alkylate mixture, included unsubstantiated claims of the synthesis of a specific isomer, or reported alkylation by methods that would be unlikely to yield the isomer selectively. − In only two instances were efforts made to ensure selective synthesis, purification, and characterization, and these accounts dealt only with isomers 3 and 5 . , This necessitated substantial effort to positively identify the species present in the product mixture, and details can be found in the Supporting Information. 4 Possible amyltoluene isomers: n -pentyltoluene ( 1 ), 1-methylbutyltoluene ( 2 ), 1-ethylpropyltoluene ( 3 ), 2-methylbutyltoluene ( 4 ), 1,1-dimethylpropyltoluene ( 5 ), 1,2-dimethylpropyltoluene ( 6 ), and 3-methylbutyltoluene ( 7 ).…”
The solid acids SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 and zeolites Y and β were investigated as catalysts for the alkylation of toluene with 1-pentene at temperatures in the range of 100-200 °C. The alkylate product, a mixture of amyltoluene isomers, is a useful solvent in applications requiring a low vapor pressure. A reaction network is presented to represent the alkylation catalyzed by the amorphous solid acid, as well as side reactions such as oligomerization and isomerization. It indicates that alkylation is probabilistic, with the alkylation products being formed in the same ratio as the substrate aromatics in the reaction mixture. The presence of Ni and W promoters in the amorphous solid acid catalyst (Ni/W-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ) did not affect the alkylation appreciably. This catalyst, normally used for hydrocracking, performed well as an alkylation catalyst, with better than 90% conversion and 81% selectivity to the monoalkylated product at 150 °C, 0.9 MPa, and 1 h -1 space velocity. It is suggested that benefits could be derived from metal promotion by co-feeding hydrogen, such as diene saturation, suppression of coke formation, and product polishing. In contrast to the amorphous catalyst, the zeolites, with their constrained pore geometries, gave improved selectivity to the monoalkylated product, but exhibited insufficient lifetimes for commercial application.
“…Identification of the amyltoluenes was hampered by the lack of characterization data in the literature. Most of the reported work dealing with amyltoluenes has either lacked purification of the alkylate mixture, included unsubstantiated claims of the synthesis of a specific isomer, or reported alkylation by methods that would be unlikely to yield the isomer selectively. − In only two instances were efforts made to ensure selective synthesis, purification, and characterization, and these accounts dealt only with isomers 3 and 5 . , This necessitated substantial effort to positively identify the species present in the product mixture, and details can be found in the Supporting Information. 4 Possible amyltoluene isomers: n -pentyltoluene ( 1 ), 1-methylbutyltoluene ( 2 ), 1-ethylpropyltoluene ( 3 ), 2-methylbutyltoluene ( 4 ), 1,1-dimethylpropyltoluene ( 5 ), 1,2-dimethylpropyltoluene ( 6 ), and 3-methylbutyltoluene ( 7 ).…”
The solid acids SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 and zeolites Y and β were investigated as catalysts for the alkylation of toluene with 1-pentene at temperatures in the range of 100-200 °C. The alkylate product, a mixture of amyltoluene isomers, is a useful solvent in applications requiring a low vapor pressure. A reaction network is presented to represent the alkylation catalyzed by the amorphous solid acid, as well as side reactions such as oligomerization and isomerization. It indicates that alkylation is probabilistic, with the alkylation products being formed in the same ratio as the substrate aromatics in the reaction mixture. The presence of Ni and W promoters in the amorphous solid acid catalyst (Ni/W-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ) did not affect the alkylation appreciably. This catalyst, normally used for hydrocracking, performed well as an alkylation catalyst, with better than 90% conversion and 81% selectivity to the monoalkylated product at 150 °C, 0.9 MPa, and 1 h -1 space velocity. It is suggested that benefits could be derived from metal promotion by co-feeding hydrogen, such as diene saturation, suppression of coke formation, and product polishing. In contrast to the amorphous catalyst, the zeolites, with their constrained pore geometries, gave improved selectivity to the monoalkylated product, but exhibited insufficient lifetimes for commercial application.
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