UAV Trajectory Optimization and Choice for UAV Placement for Data Collection in Beyond 5G Networks

Complementarity, Interoperability, and Level of Integration of Humanitarian Drones with Emerging Digital Technologies: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Literature Review of Mathematical Models

“…In UAV-to-UAV communication, a link is established between UAVs [121,122,126,132,133,138,[144][145][146][151][152][153]164,173,[176][177][178][179][180][181][182], forming a collaborative communication scheme. Not all UAVs are able to directly communicate with a BS due to different communication and networking requirements as well as vicinity reasons.…”

“…Additionally, not all tasks can be handled by a single UAV due to their limited computational capacity, and offloading tasks to a server could be too time-and energy-intensive [144,146,179]. This type of network is also used when UAVs are susceptible to environmental conditions [151,152,181] and for collision avoidance [121,145,151,152,180,182].…”

“…[178] presents a federated learning approach, which trains an algorithm across a multitude of decentralized edge devices, keeping all training data, with the aim of improving distributed decision making during a disaster. Researchers [182,207] have proposed unsupervised algorithms to address the trajectory selection problem with the aim of minimizing the age of information collected by a UAV and the positioning of multiple BSs in scenarios with exceptionally high mobile device density.…”

“…The path and trajectory planning models in our sample focused on complex drone operations involving several tasks in addition to the implementation of a smooth, collision-free path from a given starting point to a given end point with no redundant path nodes. The most common objectives among the models in this category are related to energy consumption [121,130,131,135,151,152,156,170], delay or latency minimization [111,152,155,170,182,207], coverage maximization [169,217], and traveled distance minimization [215,225]. Only five studies focused exclusively on path and trajectory planning.…”

“…Energy-and time-consumption minimization during data collection from static IoT sensors by a multi-UAV network was pursued by the authors of [121,170] and [111,121,170], respectively. Energy- [120,168] and time- [120,182] consumption minimization objectives have also been studied, where both static and mobile devices attached to robots or worn by humans have been considered. Mobile ground nodes have also been considered [132,150].…”