UAV Icing: Experimental and Numerical Study of Glaze Ice Performance Penalties on an RG-15 Airfoil

Oswald, Johannes W.; Enache, Adriana; Hann, Richard; Glabeke, Gertjan; Lutz, Thorsten

doi:10.2514/6.2022-1976

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, even though technological progress allows for more numerical simulations of 3D profiles than in the past, simulating 2D ice shapes is still common [55,56]. Additionally, conducting experiments on the aerodynamic performance in conventional wind tunnels is also not uncommon using 2D ice shapes extruded in the spanwise direction [10,[57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first icing research analyzed the effects of ice accretion over the wings [5], and the importance of ice accretion studies remains relevant today [6][7][8]. Based on the ice shape, scientists and engineers evaluate the impact of icing on aerodynamic surfaces such as wings [5,[9][10][11], propellers [12][13][14], and engine inlets [15][16][17]. These evaluations of the ice accretion impact are used in risk assessment for icing events, the development of new aviation regulations, and the research and development of ice mitigation techniques [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Accretion: Image Post-Processing Measurement Techniques for 2D Ice Shapes

et al. 2023

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Ice accretion poses substantial safety hazards for the manned and unmanned aviation industries. Its study is essential for icing events risk assessment and for the development of efficient ice protection systems. The existing ice accretion measurement techniques—casting, molding, and laser-scanning—are time-consuming, sometimes cumbersome to use, and highly expensive, while hand tracing is inexpensive, but has lower accuracy and time-consuming post-processing. This work presents two low-cost, fast, and easy-to-use measurement techniques for 2D ice accretion profiles. Both employ algorithms of automatic ice shape detection, one based on unmediated image-processing, another based on the processing of manual ice tracings. The techniques are applied to ice accretion experiments conducted in an icing wind tunnel at low Reynolds numbers, and their results are validated against ice thickness caliper measurements. A comparison of the results shows that both techniques accurately measure the leading-edge ice thickness and the 2D shape of the ice accretion profiles. One technique is faster, with higher measurement accuracy, but produces interrupted-line 2D ice profiles and requires good lighting conditions, while the other generates continuous-line 2D profiles and has no application restriction, but it is slower, with lower accuracy. A discussion is conducted, aiming to help one determine the best applications for each ice accretion measurement technique presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Accretion: Image Post-Processing Measurement Techniques for 2D Ice Shapes

et al. 2023

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“…Williams et al [16] investigated the RG-15 airfoil in the NRC Altitude Icing Wind Tunnel in 2017. Oswald et al [22] conducted an experimental study using 3D printed glaze shapes to analyze the icing performance of a medium-sized fixed-wing UAV with the RG-15 airfoil at the largest wind tunnel facility in the Karmen Institute, Belgium. The glaze shapes were derived from previous icing wind tunnel experiments, with their 2D profiles shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Lab Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oswald et al [22] used the FENSAP-ICE flow solver module and the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model for icing simulations of the RG-15 airfoil. The clean RG-15 airfoil was simulated in steady-state 2D RANS CFD with flow transition locations predicted by the software tool XFOIL.…”

Section: Validation Of Existing Simulation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, mixed ice showed severe performance degradation followed by glaze and rime. Fajt [39], Hann [24], and Oswald [22,45] reported high aerodynamic losses of the RG-15 airfoil in glaze ice conditions, with drag coefficient increasing up to 170%. Szilder and Yuan reported severe aerodynamic losses of the SD7037 airfoil in glaze conditions [46].…”

Section: Changes In Aerodynamic Characteristics Caused By Icingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Icing Research and Development of Icing Mitigation Techniques for Fixed-Wing UAVs

Zhou,

Yi,

Liu

2023

Drones

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With the continuous expansion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications, the threat of icing on UAV flights has garnered increased attention. Understanding the icing principles and developing anti-icing technologies for unmanned aircraft is a crucial step in mitigating the icing threat. However, existing research indicates that changes in Reynolds numbers have a significant impact on the physics of ice accretion. Icing studies on aircraft operating at high Reynolds numbers cannot be directly applied to unmanned aircraft, and mature anti-icing/deicing techniques for manned aircraft cannot be directly utilized for UAVs. This paper firstly provides a comprehensive overview of research on icing for fixed-wing UAVs, including various methods to study unmanned aircraft icing and the identified characteristics of icing on unmanned aircraft. Secondly, this paper focuses on discussing UAV anti-icing/deicing techniques, including those currently applied and under development, and examines the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. Finally, the paper presents some recommendations regarding UAV icing research and the development of anti-icing/deicing techniques.

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