UAV and ground-based imagery analysis detects canopy structure changes after canopy management applications

Abstract

Aim: To analyse unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imagery to assess canopy structural changes after the application of different canopy management practices in the vineyard.Methods and results: Four different canopy management practices: i–ii) leaf removal within the bunch zone (eastern side/both eastern and western sides), iii) bunch thinning and iv) shoot trimming were applied to grapevines at veraison, in a commercial Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyard in McLaren Vale, South Australia. UAV-based imagery captures were taken: i) before the canopy treatments, ii) after the treatments and iii) at harvest to assess the treatment outcomes. Canopy volume, projected canopy area and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were derived from the analysis of RGB and multispectral imagery collected using the UAV. Plant area index (PAI) was calculated using the smartphone app VitiCanopy as a ground-based measurement for comparison with UAV-derived measurements. Results showed that all three types of UAV-based measurements detected changes in the canopy structure after the application of canopy management practices, except for the bunch thinning treatment. As expected, ground-based PAI was the only technique to effectively detect internal canopy structure changes caused by bunch thinning. Canopy volume and PAI were found to better detect variations in canopy structure compared to NDVI and projected canopy area. The latter were negatively affected by the interference of the trimmed shoots left on the ground.Conclusions: UAV-based tools can provide accurate assessments to some canopy management outcomes at the vineyard scale. Among different UAV-based measurements, canopy volume was more sensitive to changes in canopy structure, compared to NDVI and projected canopy area, and demonstrated a greater potential to assess the outcomes of a range of canopy management practices. Significance and impact of the study: Canopy management practices are widely applied to regulate canopy growth, improve grape quality and reduce disease pressure in the bunch zone. Being able to detect major changes in canopy structure, with some limitations when the practice affects the internal structure (i.e., bunch thinning), UAV-based imagery analysis can be used to measure the outcome of common canopy management practices and it can improve the efficiency of vineyard management.

Vineyard Pruning Weight Prediction Using 3D Point Clouds Generated from UAV Imagery and Structure from Motion Photogrammetry

“…Variables such as plant height, canopy volume or leaf area may afford growers with information on canopy structure, estimated production, and vine condition, parameters that can be used to predict harvest quantity and quality [2][3][4][5]. Such information was Agronomy 2021, 11, 2489 2 of 13 traditionally acquired with conventional repetitive sampling-based methods that are normally slow, costly, and impractical where large areas are involved [6,7].…”

Comparison of Aerial and Ground 3D Point Clouds for Canopy Size Assessment in Precision Viticulture

“…Therefore, direct comparison is not possible. Among different UAV-based measurements, canopy volume was found to be more sensitive to changes in canopy structure, compared to NDVI and projected canopy area, and demonstrated a more significant potential to assess the outcomes of a range of canopy management practices [72]. In addition, the MLS technology has also been widely used to assess canopy characteristics (canopy height, thickness and volume) but the goodness of canopy characterization was, mainly, compared to manual estimation.…”

Practical rain measurement

“…The preparation stage is to make nine simple ombrometers using plastic bottles and funnels. ombrometer placed according to standard rules [8,10]. All tools placed in the field with a height of 1 meter above the ground.…”