The propagation of ultra wide band (UWB) signals is analyzed. The UWB radar output signals are formed both with transmitter and antenna. Moreover, they can be substantially affected due to electromagnetic wave propagation through walls and multipath effects. Multipath effects are analyzed and simulated numerically for various cases with several heights and distances.
IntroductionThe UWB concept is very useful for radars and communications [1], [2]. UWB is defined by FCC as any radio technology having a spectrum that occupies a bandwidth greater than 20 percent of the center frequency or a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz. UWB radar output signals are formed both with transmitters and antennas. Therefore UWB antenna should be considered as an integral part of the whole system. A UWB engineer needs to be familiar with both the time domain and frequency domain, able to switch seamlessly from one domain to the other as the nature of problem demands. In many situations, harmonic functions offer a potentially misleading situation. For instance, any attempt to model an ideal step function using superposition of harmonic functions yields overshoot and ringing. Therefore, the utilization of Fourier transform (especially FFT, when aliasing can occur) should be considered very carefully. The output transmitted signal is usually formed according to UWB system requirements. That is why propagation analyses should be done for very wide frequency spectrum and simultaneously, the effect of various transmitted signal shapes (e.g. pulses) should be considered. The effect of various antenna receiving and transmitting responses as well as UWB signals (pulses) are analyzed in [3] - [5]. Various combinations of signals, transmitting or receiving antennas (small and aperture antennas) and wall structures as well as multipath propagation have been calculated and compared. Some of these results can only be shown here. The papers [3] -[5] mostly studies spectra and UWB signal propagation through walls. This paper is dealing with multipath effects in time domain signal representation.