U.S.‐Turkey Realignment on Syria

Kanat, Kiliç Buǧlra; Ustun, Kadir

doi:10.1111/mepo.12160

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…De fato, em setembro de 2014, quando o EI cercou a cidade síria de Kobane, na fronteira com a Turquia, e os curdos sírios lutaram contra o cerco com apoio dos EUA, o governo turco pouco fez e ainda criticou a ação estadunidense (PARK, 2015). O próprio Erdoğan não apenas afirmou que "o PKK é equivalente ao EI" (PARK, 2015, p. 586, tradução nossa) 7 , como declarou que a Turquia só apoiaria o combate caso os EUA bancassem a ideia de criação de uma "zona tampão" dentro do território sírio, a partir da fronteira turca, o qual serviria para garantir que nem os curdos nem o EI ali permanecessem (KANAT; USTUN, 2015).…”

Section: Figura 2 -Agentes De Mudança Para Inflexão Na Política Exterunclassified

A política externa turca no pós-2011: das revoltas árabes à ascensão do Estado Islâmico

Nasser

Moraes

2016

Carta Int. ABRI

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ResumoCom a eclosão das revoltas árabes a partir de 2011, a Turquia adotou uma nova postura externa, mais assertiva, tornando-se ator de suma importância no Oriente Médio, sobretudo na Síria. Entretanto, o país veio a enfrentar limites à sua projeção, e suas respostas a esses problemas acabaram colocando a Turquia ainda mais no centro de uma série de crises. Este artigo, portanto, tem como objetivo compreender por que a Turquia realizou tamanha inflexão a partir de 2011 e como sua estratégia internacional evoluiu frente às transformações no Oriente Médio. Argumenta-se que fatores domésticos e choques externos levaram o país a adotar uma estratégia assertiva de liderança regional, via apoio a grupos que poderiam adotar seu modelo político. Posteriormente, devido a novos choques externos e mudanças domésticas, a Turquia teve de reposicionar-se e mudar seus objetivos, adotando postura mais cautelosa, de contenção de danos. Passou, então, a utilizar-se de sua centralidade estratégica no conflito sírio e suas crises correlacionadas para barganhar frente às grandes potências, tentando consolidar-se como um ator indispensável, a fim de obter suficiente liberdade de ação para enfrentar aquilo que o governo turco considera como principais ameaças ao país -a expansão curda na Síria e o Estado Islâmico. AbstractWith the Arab uprisings' outbreak from 2011 on, Turkey adopted a new assertive foreign policy posture, becoming an important actor in the Middle East, especially in Syria. However,

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Section: Figura 2 -Agentes De Mudança Para Inflexão Na Política Exterunclassified

A política externa turca no pós-2011: das revoltas árabes à ascensão do Estado Islâmico

Nasser

Moraes

2016

Carta Int. ABRI

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“…As classrooms become culturally diverse and include children with different learning experiences, a challenge awaiting teachers is how to achieve an inclusive education that can meet the educational needs of all children in their classrooms (Karsli-Calamak & Kilinc, 2021). Studies on refugees have focused on the challenges of refugees in the host societies in which they live, and research has been conducted on refugee status and schooling (Celik & Icduygu, 2018;McBrien, 2005), cultural integration and trauma (Castles & Miller, 2003), and issues on both sides (Kanat & Ustun, 2015).In comparison with other countries hosting the refugees, Turkey shows more effort for refugee 'children's access to educational services (Cinkir, 2015;Erdem 2017;HRW Report 2015;UNHCR 2018). When education is successfully provided, it can effectively integrate immigrant or refugee children into society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syrian Refugee Children's Education in Turkish Public Schools: Primary School Teachers' Experiences

ATALAY¹,

Kılıç²,

Anılan³

et al. 2022

ENAD

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This study aims to explain the problems encountered in the education of Syrian children with the experiences of Turkish teachers. A descriptive qualitative research method was used for the study. The participants of the study were 70 elementary school teachers. The participants were selected based on the sampling criterion. The study data were collected through structured interviews. The participants were asked structured questions, and they responded as written to the questions. At the end of the study, the most significant responsibility in Syrian 'children's adjustment to the education system in Turkey falls on the shoulders of primary school teachers. Turkish primary school teachers clearly stated that the main reason for all problems they experienced was the language difference. The study results revealed that not being able to solve the communication problem deepens the problem and creates an emotional pressure on primary school teachers refugee children.

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“…Уимбуша (Menon, Wimbush 2007). При этом наблюдается значительная нестыковка американских и турецких интересов по европейскому, российскому, курдскому, сирийскому, иранскому и в целом ближневосточному векторам политики Анкары (Barkey 2019;Çakır 2016;Danforth and all 2017;Hill, Taspinar 2006;Kanat, Ustun 2015;Williams 2019) 1 .…”

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Systemic Crisis in the US-Turkish Relations Under the Presidency of D. Trump

Davydov

2019

Vestnik MGIMO-universiteta

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Relations between the United States and Turkey, the two military-political allies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), are experiencing an unprecedented crisis in their history. Its depth and scale is so significant that it affects the long-term foreign policy strategies of both countries, as well as the process of building a unified security architecture. In the study the author raises a question to what extent the current crisis in the US-Turkish relations is systemic? How high is the probability that it will turn out to be a long-term one? To answer this question, the study is divided into two parts.The first part analyzes the evolution of American approaches to Turkey in US foreign policy, the implementation of these approaches since the end of World War II till nowadays. On the basis of a system-historical approach, the author analyses the evolution the Turkey’s strategic positioning in the US foreign policy strategy and the transformation of political, economic and military relations between the two states since the moment of their institutionalization. The author distinguishes two stages of this evolution. During the first one, for the United States Turkey was one of the key countries that was blocking the Soviet expansion southward towards the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The author notes that by the end of the bipolar confrontation, Turkey was de-facto losing its functional purpose in the logic of the Cold War. During the second stage, the US regards Turkey as one of the key NATO allies, whose geo-strategic location can be used for pursuing American national interests in the nearby regions. Author posits, that bilateral relations are gradually moving away from such a model of interaction. This happens because of the Turkish desire to diversify foreign relations and accumulation of contradictions between Washington and Ankara due to the divergence of their foreign policy strategies.The second part analyzes the contradictions in the American-Turkish relations under the presidency of Donald Trump on political, military and economic issues. The author comes to the conclusion that the crisis is indeed a systemic one. Firstly, the existing problems began to affect significant elements of the military-technical infrastructure of their relations. Secondly, it is difficult to resolve these problems without reformatting the interaction as between equivalent actors of international relations. Thirdly, the expert and political communities have not presented any kind of a new approach to rethink the allied status of American-Turkish relations.

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U.S.‐Turkey Realignment on Syria

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

A política externa turca no pós-2011: das revoltas árabes à ascensão do Estado Islâmico

A política externa turca no pós-2011: das revoltas árabes à ascensão do Estado Islâmico

Syrian Refugee Children's Education in Turkish Public Schools: Primary School Teachers' Experiences

Systemic Crisis in the US-Turkish Relations Under the Presidency of D. Trump

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