U.S. Social Structure and Imprisonment

Carroll, Leo; Doubet, Mary Beth

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00271.x

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…As Table 3 shows, the effect of UNEM-PLOYMENT was primarily direct rather than indirect through VIOLENT CRIME. Carroll and Doubet (1983) argued that the effects of percent black on the incarceration rate are largely spurious because of the strong relationship between percent black and region. Indeed, Chi-square = 4.34, 2 dr, p=.114 *t~.05, **t<.01, ***t~.001 they found that when both region and percent black were entered into the regression equation, percent black failed to show a significant relationship to the prison admission rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Prior research makes clear that violent crime rates must be distinguished from property crime rates. Violent crime rates consistently are found to affect incarceration rates, whereas the effects of property crime rates are either weak or nonexistent (Carroll and Doubet 1983;Garofalo 1980;Michalowski and Pearson 1990).…”

Section: Downloaded By [Stockholm University Library] At 04:19 19 Augmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…percentage of the state's population that is black to be related to prison admissions, although their findings have been disputed (Carroll and Doubet 1983).…”

Section: Downloaded By [Stockholm University Library] At 04:19 19 Augmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, states with a higher crime rate would be expected to incarcerate at higher levels. This analysis focuses on the violent crime rate because prior research has shown it to be a more important determinant of the incarceration rate than either the index crime rate or the property crime rate (Carroll and Doubet 1983;Garofalo 1980). 2…”

Section: A Basic Model Of the Incarceration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Institutional theory and the stability of a conflict model of the incarceration rate

McGarrell

1993

Justice Quarterly

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Downloaded By [Stockholm University Library] At 04:19 19 Augmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…percentage of the state's population that is black to be related to prison admissions, although their findings have been disputed (Carroll and Doubet 1983).…”

Section: Downloaded By [Stockholm University Library] At 04:19 19 Augmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Basic Model Of the Incarceration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Institutional theory and the stability of a conflict model of the incarceration rate

McGarrell

1993

Justice Quarterly

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“…Carroll and Doubet, 1983;Galster and Scaturo, 1985;Michalowski and Pearson, 1990) or national-level time-series analyses (e.g. Inverarity and Grattet, 1989;Inverarity and McCarthy, 1988;Jankovic, 1977).…”

Section: Politics and Punishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partisan Politics, Electoral Competition and Imprisonment: An Analysis of States Over Time*

2005

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The now well‐documented explosion in prison populations over the last 30 years has spurred significant attention in the literature. Early research focused primarily on economic explanations. More recently it has focused on political explanations of prison growth. Here we extend research on political explanations of imprisonment by drawing on the literature on state politics and public policy. We argue that the effect of partisan politics on punishment is conditional on how much electoral competition legislators face. We test this hypothesis using annual state level data on imprisonment from 1978 to 1996. Our findings show that the effect of Republican state legislative strength on prison admissions depends on time and the level of competition in state legislative elections. We argue that these findings suggest the need for a more nuanced understanding of the link between partisan U.S. politics and imprisonment.

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Prison commitments, crime, and unemployment: A theoretical and empirical specification for the United States, 1933?1985

Cappell

Sykes

1991

J Quant Criminol

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This paper examines sources for the changing commitment rates to U.S. state prisons (PCR) from 1933 to 1985 using a variety of time-series techniques. Theoretically, it resolves ambiguous interpretations of how crime, unemployment, and imprisonment are related. Hypotheses that crime and punishment are in equilibrium are rejected. Our final specification supports theories integrating institutionally endogenous and socially exogenous causes of prison use and includes feedback effects between crime and punishment. We reached several general conclusions. (1) Changes in PCR are due partly to changes in the levels of unemployment, age composition of the population, and military active-duty rates. (2) Effects of the criminal justice system, captured as autoregressive institutional drift, account for approximately half of the year-to-year fluctuations in the PCR. The contemporaneous prison discharge rate also influences the rate of prison commitments. (3) Neither the specified nor the unspecified institutional effects mediate the effects of other exogenous variables. (4) Under most simultaneousequation specifications, the crime rate is moderately influenced by the contemporaneous unemployment rate and strongly influenced by prior levels of prison commitments. The preferred simultaneous causal model estimates a modest positive coefficient for the unemployment-crime causal path and a substantial positive coefficient for the unemployment-prison commitment causal path.

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U.S. Social Structure and Imprisonment

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Institutional theory and the stability of a conflict model of the incarceration rate

Institutional theory and the stability of a conflict model of the incarceration rate

Partisan Politics, Electoral Competition and Imprisonment: An Analysis of States Over Time*

Prison commitments, crime, and unemployment: A theoretical and empirical specification for the United States, 1933?1985

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