U.S. Navy Characterization of Two New Energetic Materials: CP and BNCP

Blachowski, Thomas; Ostrowski, Peter

doi:10.2514/6.2002-3553

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…DBX-1 and BNCP were a breakthrough, which could serve as a drop-in instead of LA for its outstanding properties, such as initiation ability, stability and compatibility. DBX-1and BNCP had made little progress in replacing LA, the major problems slowing application of DBX-1and BNCP were associated with its synthesis and production, although BNCP has be used in semiconductor bridge initiator or optical BNCP/HNS detonator for various aircrew escape system applications [7][8][9][10][11]. 5-NaNT was the key raw material of produce DBX-1 and BNCP, which was a relatively sensitive energetic material, especially under dry condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Risk Assessment of Sandmeyer Reaction from 5-Aminotetrazole (5-AT) to Hydronium Copper(II)-tris(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate

Ni¹,

Hou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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5-NaNT was the raw key material of copper(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1) and tetraaminecis-bis(5-nitrotetrazolato) cobalt(III) perchlorate (BNCP), which was prepared from 5-AT by Sandmeyer reaction. This reaction was usually happened slightly blast due to release heat and nitrogen gas during whole procession. In order to enhance the safety of reaction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure exothermal of reaction solution and intermediate, reaction calorimeter (RCle) was used to assess the thermal risk, adiabatic calorimeter (RAC) was used to estimate the stability of technological process and hydronium copper(II)-tris(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate (Cu(H-NT)(NT)2(H2O)4) which was intermediate for 5-NaNT. The Td24 was 168h, the maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction (MTSR) was 17°C, adiabatic temperature rise was 43 K, the maximum heat accumulation was 9%, the specific heat release was 3654 kJ/kg. The result shown that dangerous chemical processes risk rank was 1, which mean that the risk of this reaction was relatively low. Matrix evaluation of thermal runaway reaction was level 1, it was that immediately cut off the feed raw material was useful if the cooling system out of service.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Risk Assessment of Sandmeyer Reaction from 5-Aminotetrazole (5-AT) to Hydronium Copper(II)-tris(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate

Ni¹,

Hou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Due to their unique performance,r eactive materials have ag reat variety of applications, and haveb een intensively investigated in the past decade [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].O ne of the most important applications is demolition. Several researches show that much greater efficiency could be achieved by reactive materials baseds haped charge liner (reactive liner), which could release chemicale nergyi nt he target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, they are formed by introducing active metal powders into ap olymer binder, typically such as PTFE, and then consolidatedb yapress/sinterp rocess. Remarkably different from traditional energeticm aterials,t hey have features of high mechanical strength and sufficient insensitivity so as not to sustain ad eflagration reaction using traditional initiationt echniques, such as exploding bridge wires or flame initiation [ 1,2].A ss uch, the mechanical work of ah igh-strain-rate plastic deformationp rocess is required to providet he necessarye nergy to drivet he reaction.Due to their unique performance,r eactive materials have ag reat variety of applications, and haveb een intensively investigated in the past decade [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].O ne of the most important applications is demolition. Several researches show that much greater efficiency could be achieved by reactive materials baseds haped charge liner (reactive liner), which could release chemicale nergyi nt he target.…”

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confidence: 99%

Demolition Mechanism and Behavior of Shaped Charge with Reactive Liner

Xiao

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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1IntroductionReactive materials areaclass ofs olid energetic materials that are formulatedt orelease energy under highly dynamic loads. In general, they are formed by introducing active metal powders into ap olymer binder, typically such as PTFE, and then consolidatedb yapress/sinterp rocess. Remarkably different from traditional energeticm aterials,t hey have features of high mechanical strength and sufficient insensitivity so as not to sustain ad eflagration reaction using traditional initiationt echniques, such as exploding bridge wires or flame initiation [ 1,2].A ss uch, the mechanical work of ah igh-strain-rate plastic deformationp rocess is required to providet he necessarye nergy to drivet he reaction.Due to their unique performance,r eactive materials have ag reat variety of applications, and haveb een intensively investigated in the past decade [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].O ne of the most important applications is demolition. Several researches show that much greater efficiency could be achieved by reactive materials baseds haped charge liner (reactive liner), which could release chemicale nergyi nt he target. The lethality of reactive liner against concrete targets was demonstrated by E. L. Baker [ 10,11]. Reactive jets were identifieda nd they were foundt oc reate much more collaterald amage than inert ones, as ar esult of the chemicale nergyr eleased inside the targets during or after the penetration process. Althought he excellent damage effects were confirmed, the demolition mechanism and behavior of this reactive material liner have not been understood well.Althoughn umericals imulationi sauseful way to reappear the penetration and blast process of reactive jets, it is difficult to find an adequate constitutivem odeling for reactive materials. For unreacted equation of state (EOS), Instron compression tests andh igh-rate split Hopkinson bar experiments were carried out to determine parameters of the Johnson-Cook model [12].Onthe other hand, atheoretical model was developed to describet he blast characteristics, and af itting method was employed to determine the corresponding parameters of reacted EOS [13].The demolition behavior depending on penetration and blast effects of ar eactivej et, is significantly influencedb y the self-delay initiationt ime and chemical energy release of reactive materials. The totalt ime of activation and selfdelay that occurs in impact-initiatedr eactivem aterials is stronglyd ependent on the dynamic loads [1].O ne step further,ah igher stress value likely leads to ar elatively shorter self-delay time. However,s ignificantlyd ifferent from an impact,w hen explosively activated, the stress imposed upon the reactivem aterials is much higher,a nd whether the highers tress will reduce the self-delay time remainsu nknown.Abstract:T he application of reactive materials on shaped charge liners has received much attention. Herein, the demolition mechanism and behavior of reactive materials based shaped chargeliner are investigated by experiment, numerical simulation, and theoretical...

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“…The high positive enthalpies of formation and high nitrogen content of tetrazoles have made their complexes interesting for energetic materials. The energetic complexes which use 5-cyano-tetrzolate [16,17], 5-nitro-tetrzolate [18][19][20][21][22][23] and 5,5-azotetrazolate [24] anions or 5-aminotetrzole [25][26][27], 1-methyl-5-amino-tetrzole [28,29] and 1,5-diaminotetrazole (DAT) [29,30] neutral molecules as ligands have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%