U.S. Market Basket Study To Determine Residues of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos

Abstract

A market basket study was conducted to measure residues of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in samples of apples, applesauce, apple juice, fresh orange juice, tomatoes, peanut butter, whole milk, ground beef, and pork sausage collected during a 12-month period from 200 grocery stores across the United States. Approximately 90% of the samples contained no detectable levels of chlorpyrifos, and all residues detected were below tolerances, the legal limits for the United States. No values greater than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found in applesauce (LOQ = 0.008 ppm), apple juice (LOQ = 0.003 ppm), whole milk (LOQ = 0.006 ppm), ground beef (LOQ = 0.005 ppm), or pork sausage (LOQ = 0.007 ppm) samples. Only one fresh orange juice sample contained residues greater than the LOQ at 0.015 ppm. Only about 20% of the apples (maximum = 0.052 ppm), 20% of the tomato samples (maximum = 0.058 ppm), and 50% of the peanut butter samples (maximum = 0.021 ppm) contained quantifiable residues.

Determination of Insecticide Residues in Vegetal Fruits

“…These values are similar to the recoveries reported by other authors for the MSPD extraction of several pesticides from fruit juices [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit juices by matrix-solid phase dispersion and gas chromatographic determination

“…In all cases, the detection limits are lower than the maximum residue limits established by the European Union legislation for these fruits [15,16]. The limit of quantification (LOQ), considered as the lowest recovery assayed with acceptable results, was 10 I-tg kg l The results obtained with this method are comparable with those reported for analysis of pesticide residues in fruit juices following official methods [17,18]. Recoveries of pesticides through the proposed method (74%-111%) are similar to those obtained with official methods (79%-101%).…”

Automated flow based biosensor for quantification of binary organophosphates mixture in milk using artificial neural network

“…OPs can be reached throughout the food chain by various sources such as when dairy cows are fed with OPs polluted forages or drink polluted water, bovine milk and dairy product could be tainted with pesticide residues [20][21][22]. Detection of OPs in milk has been reported by researchers using different techniques [19,21,23 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 of combine toxic action of pesticide mixtures is one of the priority research areas due to the simultaneous occurrence of pesticides in the environment and the health risk they posed to humans and the environment as a mixture.…”