“…The community members that decided how to identify and prioritize community needs in fund-allocation decisions often belonged to the same elite ranks of local leaders (Colinvaux, 2018; Ellwood, 2019; Hammack, 1989). Scholars and practitioners have described “donor relations, investment, grantmaking, and administration” (Easterling, 2011, p. 82) as the traditional focus of CFs (Ballard, 2007; Bernholz et al, 2005; Daly, 2008; Esposito & Besana, 2018; Graddy & Morgan, 2006; Hammack, 1989; Wu, 2021; Ylvisaker, 1989). Drawing on Easterling (2011), and Mazany and Perry (2013, p. 32), we refer to this traditional top-down approach to community betterment through fundraising and grantmaking as the stewardship model .…”