U.S. bound journey of migrant peoples InTransit across Dante's Inferno and Purgatory in the Americas

A PCR-RFLP Technique to Assess the Geographic Origin of Plasmodium falciparum Strains in Central America

“…A clinical case of pediatric malaria imported from Kenya was reported in 2019 in Honduras [ 3 ], and a recent genomic surveillance study detected two cases of falciparum malaria imported from Africa with chloroquine resistance haplotypes [ 4 ]. Despite the limited availability of imported malaria reports, the growing number of migrants from Central America, Haiti, South America, and other low-income countries in Africa and Asia traveling across the isthmus to reach the United States is overwhelming and raises concern about the potential introduction of more virulent strains of P. falciparum [ 5 ].…”

“…Given the increasing mobility of people through Central America to the United States [ 5 ], the introduction of Plasmodium sp. strains from South America or the Old World represents an additional challenge for the public health systems of countries with limited resources such as Honduras.…”

The growing threat of wild poliovirus 1 and vaccine-derived cases in the COVID-19 era

“…2,3 Additionally, decision makers should consider immunisation of travellers, people in war-torn areas, and migrants in transit from settings with endemic transmission or from locations with ongoing outbreaks of circulating VDPV. 9,10 We declare no competing interests. *Carlos Franco-Paredes, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Peter Carrasco, Jose Tuells…”

“…2 , 3 Additionally, decision makers should consider immunisation of travellers, people in war-torn areas, and migrants in transit from settings with endemic transmission or from locations with ongoing outbreaks of circulating VDPV. 9 , 10 …”

Yellow Fever: A Perennial Threat

“…The expansion of commercial trading routes also played an important role in the spread of YF to new territories ( 2 , 7 ). More recently, the YFV has expanded its territorial reach through modern social and demographic forces, including population growth, global migration, deforestation and land use (9)(10). Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine since the 1930s, YF remains a threat to millions of people residing in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South and Central America (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and to international travelers who visit these at-risk regions ( 2 ).…”