U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command counterproliferation long-range biological standoff detection system (CP LR-BSDS)

Condatore, Lawrence A.; Guthrie, Richard B.; Bradshaw, Bruce James; Logan, Kenyon E.; Lingvay, Larry S.; Smith, Thomas H.; Kaffenberger, Thomas S.; Jezek, Bruce W.; Cannaliato, V. James; Ginley, William J.; Hungate, William S.

doi:10.1117/12.351380

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…a complex OPO laser system requiring a high energy pump laser (commonly a 1 .06 jim Nd:YAG laser). 2. the commonly availablel .5 jim detectors are inherently less sensitive, hence special detectors are needed [Condatore, et a!, 1999], adding to the cost and complexity. On the other hand, since the laser energy required for the PDL is small, a small DPSS Nd:YAG (or Nd:YLF) laser with outputs at the fundamental (1 .06 or 1 .047 jim) and second harmonic (532 or 523 nm) can be used and the laser beams at both wavelengths are easily made eye-safe by expanding the transmitted laser beam to the full aperture of the transmitter/receiver telescope.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Portable Digital Lidar With The Analog Detmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remote stand-offdetection is thus a critical necessity for providing an early warning for maximum survivability of personnel in the battlefield and other sensitive areas. The pulsed elastic backscatter lidar operating in the visible [Lee, et al, 1997], or near JR [Jezek, et al, 1998, Condatore, et al, 1999 wavelengths has demonstrated high sensitivity and long range (up to 50km) capability for detecting aerosol clouds. But, the single wavelength aerosol lidar does not provide discrimination between BW agent aerosols and other natural or interferent aerosol clouds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<title>Portable digital lidar: a compact stand-off bioagent aerosol sensor</title>

et al. 2001

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Remote detection of biological warfare agents (BWA) is crucial for providing early warning to ensure maximum survivability of personnel in the battlefield and other sensitive areas. Although the current generation of stand-off aerosol and fluorescence lidars have demonstrated stand-offdetection and identification ofBWA, their large size and cost make them difficult for field use. We have introduced a new eye-safe portable digital lidar (PDL) technique based on digital detection that achieves orders of magnitude reduction in the size, cost and complexity over the conventional lidar, while providing an equal or better sensitivity and range. Excellent performance has been obtained with two ofour PDL sensors during two bio-aerosol measurement campaigns carried out at Dugway Proving Grounds. In the JFT 4.5 (Oct 98) tests, high aerosol sensitivity of 300ppl of biosimulant particles at up to 3km was demonstrated with an eye-safe single wavelength (523nm) aerosol micro PDL that utilized a 8' telescope, <1OiJ/pu1se energy at 2.5kHz, photon counting digital detection and 2 sec averaging. For the JBREWS DFT (June 99) tests an eye-safe two wavelength (523nm and 1 .O47.tm) horizontally scanned, aerosol micro PDL with the same 8 " telescope was utilized. With this lidar, high sensitivity, preliminary differentiation between natural and unusual clouds, and the ability to track the aerosol cloud location, their wind speed and direction were also demonstrated. Lidar simulations of both PDL and conventional analog detection lidar have been performed. Based on these model calculations and experimental results an analysis and comparison of the inherent capabilities of the two types of systems is given.

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Section: Comparison Of the Portable Digital Lidar With The Analog Detmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Portable digital lidar: a compact stand-off bioagent aerosol sensor</title>

et al. 2001

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“…Because the signal to be detected is weak (the objective is to detect bioaerosol clouds having concentrations of 1000 ACPLA or less), the two detection channels will have to be operated in photon counting mode. A mathematical model describing the returned spectrally distributed fluorescence for this prototype can easily be derived from the classical inelastic LIDAR equation2' as: dba (k,2,r) = (r) t0R)t0(2) tai(2o,r)tac(,r) Nba(r) R (2) where dE/dba 5 the spectrally distributed number of photons collected by the LIDAR and r is the range. The term A combines n, the number of laser pulses integrated, E0, the number of transmitted photons per pulse, and Ar, the size of the probed atmospheric cell.…”

Section: Lidar Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active range-gated spectrometric standoff detection and characterization of bioaerosols

Simard¹,

Mathieu²,

Larochelle³

et al. 1999

SPIE Proceedings

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In atmospheric sensing, one application that has demonstrated several impressive successes over the last two decades is LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR). With elastic signal returns, this technique remotely provides information such as the particle density and, for a multiple field of view LIDAR, the distribution in size of the aerosols as a function of the range along the probing laser beam. For this type of application, the return signal has the same spectrum than the laser source. Some specific techniques, such as Raman or resonant LIDARS, collect the return signal at wavelengths other than the source. However, these signals are usually narrow spectrally and are collected with a single bandpass spectral filter. Recently, the Canadian Defence Research and Development Branch has initiated the evaluation of a novel LIDAR concept which opens the possibility of collecting simultaneously the detailed spectral information contained in spectrally wide return signals. One drawback with this approach is the loss of simultaneous information at multiple ranges, i.e., the spectral information is available only for a specific range. Nevertheless, there are applications where the partial loss of range information is compensated by the gain resulting from the spectral information. This paper describes the concept and reviews the general model predicting the capability ofthis technique for the standoff detection of bioaerosols. It shows a numerical simulation of the anticipated spectral profiles collected with the proposed active range-gated fluorescent LIDAR for a particular bioaerosol as a function of ranges, and for both day and night operational scenarios.

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“…The amplitude of the return signal is proportional to the number of aerosolized particles present in the probed volume, while the time delay of the return signal is related to the distance from the cloud. Elastic backscatter lidar systems, typically operating in the infrared range (1 to 10 μm) can detect aerosol clouds up to a few tens of kilometers away [3]. Inelastic lidar can procure specific information on the light scattering particles following the absorption and emission of a photon at different frequencies either through a virtual energy level, in the case of Raman lidars, or through a real excited state for the resonant lidars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols standoff detection simultaneously refereed with particle concentration (ppl) and viability units (ACPLA)

2009

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Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) has developed, by the end of the 90s, a standoff bioaerosol sensor prototype based on intensified range-gated spectrometric detection of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) called SINBAHD. This LIDAR system was used to characterize spectrally the LIF of bioaerosol agent simulants and obscurants during 57 cross-wind open-air releases at Suffield, CAN in July 2007. An autoclave and gamma-irradiation killing procedures were performed on Bacillus subtilis var globigii (BG) samples before they were aerosolized, disseminated and spectrally characterized. Slight discrepancies were observed in the spectral characteristics of killed versus live samples but none between the two killing methodologies. Significant signature variabilities were observed from the different batches of Erwinia Herbicolas (EH). The generated cloud was simultaneously characterized in Agent Containing Particle per Liter of Air (ACPLA) by slit sampler units and in particle per litter of air (ppl) by an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Correlation assessment between the stand-off sensor SINBAHD and the two referee point sensors was done, allowing an estimation of SINBAHD's sensitivity in ACPLA and in ppl. For a 20-m thick cloud at a range of 990 m, a detection limit of a few tens of ACPLA and a few ACPLA were obtained for BG and EH respectively. The extracted correlation between ACPLA and ppl data for releases performed with an agricultural sprayer showed a high degree of variability: 2 to 29% and 1 to 6% of ACPLA/ppl ratio for BG and EH, respectively.

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U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command counterproliferation long-range biological standoff detection system (CP LR-BSDS)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

<title>Portable digital lidar: a compact stand-off bioagent aerosol sensor</title>

<title>Portable digital lidar: a compact stand-off bioagent aerosol sensor</title>

Active range-gated spectrometric standoff detection and characterization of bioaerosols

Bioaerosols standoff detection simultaneously refereed with particle concentration (ppl) and viability units (ACPLA)

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