U.S. Apartheid and the spread of AIDS to the suburbs: A multi-city analysis of the political economy of spatial epidemic threshold

Wallace, Rodrick; Wallace, Deborah

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00349-x

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1,2 Conspicuously absent are data on economic conditions, 3 even though several US studies have reported that HIV infection occurs disproportionately and increasingly among the poor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and 4 studies have documented the incidence of AIDS or HIV in relation to economic deprivation. [11][12][13][14] Three of these studies provided AIDS incidence data stratified by economic level for 3 cities (Philadelphia, Pa, 11 Newark, NJ, 12 and Los Angeles, Calif 13 ), while the fourth analyzed economic disparities in HIV seroprevalence among newborns in New York State.…”

Section: Economic Deprivation and Aids Incidence In Massachusettsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of research on causal links between poverty and risk of HIV infection, however, such data could have important ramifications for guiding and evaluating AIDS prevention initiatives and programs and allocation of resources. 1,3,6,[8][9][10] Building on the limited extant research, we sought to quantify AIDS incidence in relation to economic deprivation in the state of Massachusetts, which presently ranks midway in the quartile of states with the secondhighest incidence of AIDS. 2 An additional objective was to extend this description by examining economic disparities in AIDS incidence in relation to both race/ethnicity and sex.…”

Section: Economic Deprivation and Aids Incidence In Massachusettsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such knowledge can inform HIV prevention initiatives that emphasize social and economic harm reduction at the neighborhood level. 6,[8][9][10] At a time of disturbing trends of increasing geographic concentrations of poverty within the United States, 39 coupled with increasing evidence of poverty as a causal determinant of risk of HIV infection, 8-10 data on AIDS incidence in relation to neighborhood economic conditions strongly suggest that reducing the incidence of AIDS will depend vitally on approaches that promote the growth of social and economic resources in neighborhoods where AIDS is endemic.…”

Section: Including Socioeconomic Data In Aids Surveillance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts

Zierler¹,

Krieger²,

Tang³

et al. 2000

Am J Public Health

103

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OBJECTIVES: This study quantified AIDS incidence in Massachusetts in relation to economic deprivation. METHODS: Using 1990 census block-group data, 1990 census population counts, and AIDS surveillance registry data for the years 1988 through 1994, we generated yearly and cumulative AIDS incidence data for the state of Massachusetts stratified by sex and by neighborhood measures of economic position for the total, Black, Hispanic, and White populations. RESULTS: Incidence of AIDS increased with economic deprivation, with the magnitude of these trends varying by both race/ethnicity and sex. The cumulative incidence of AIDS in the total population was nearly 7 times higher among persons in block-groups where 40% or more of the population was below the poverty line (362 per 100,000) than among persons in block-groups where less than 2% of the population was below poverty (53 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Observing patterns of disease burden in relation to neighborhood levels of economic well-being elucidates further the role of poverty as a population-level determinant of disease burden. Public health agencies and researchers can use readily available census data to describe neighborhood-level socioeconomic conditions. Such knowledge expands options for disease prevention and increases the visibility of economic inequality as an underlying cause of AIDS.

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Section: Economic Deprivation and Aids Incidence In Massachusettsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Deprivation and Aids Incidence In Massachusettsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Including Socioeconomic Data In Aids Surveillance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts

Zierler¹,

Krieger²,

Tang³

et al. 2000

Am J Public Health

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…21,24 Finally, interaction patterns between populations in different areas affect the persistence of an infectious agent in the space occupied by the total population. 10,11 However, because of insufficient data, this study did not examine these effects.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Additionally, the contact and density patterns of various population subgroups are key determinants of the heterogeneity in infectious disease transmission. [9][10][11] As suggested recently in this Journal, 12 infectious disease levels in populations can be influenced more by population patterns of exposure than by the exposure status of individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992

Acevedo‐García¹

2001

Am J Public Health

147

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OBJECTIVES: This study examined zip code-level risk factors associated with very high tuberculosis (TB) rates among non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians in New Jersey (1985-1992). METHODS: Exposure indices (poverty, crowded housing, and dilapidated housing) and segregation indices (contact with immigrants, isolation, and density) were used to characterize zip codes. A Boolean-logic methodology was used to determine which configurations of risk factors significantly distinguish zip codes where TB rates are very high from other zip codes. RESULTS: For Whites and Asians, risk factors were rare in zip codes with very high TB rates. In agreement with the distribution of TB cases by age and foreign-born status, this suggests that cases among Whites may be caused by reactivation, whereas cases among Asians may be imported. In contrast, Hispanics and African Americans were exposed to risk factors that may facilitate TB transmission. Among Hispanics, high contact with immigrants was an important factor. African Americans were the group most frequently exposed to multiple risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: For Hispanics and African Americans, zip code-level risk factors were associated with very high TB rates.

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Changing Public Policy to Prevent HIV Transmission

Denison

1998

Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs

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U.S. Apartheid and the spread of AIDS to the suburbs: A multi-city analysis of the political economy of spatial epidemic threshold

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts

Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts

Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992

Changing Public Policy to Prevent HIV Transmission

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