Tyrosine hydroxylase-negative, dopaminergic neurons are targets for transmitter-depleting action of haloperidol in the snail brain

Sakharov, D. A.; Voronezhskaya, Elena E.; Nezlin, Leonid P.; Baker, Maureen; Elekes, Károly; Croll, Roger P.

doi:10.1007/bf02150226

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Croll et al (1999) previously suggested that low concentrations of TH accompanied by low transmitter turnover could still permit detectable accumulation of catecholamines within such cells in other gastropods. The results could also be explained by different isoforms of TH that might vary in immunoreactivity, by simple accumulation of catecholamines without synthesis, or by use of alternative pathways for catecholamine synthesis (Sakharov et al, 1996). Conversely, two pairs of buccal cells that possessed weak immunoreactivity (cells 3 and 4 in Figs.…”

Section: Specificity Of Labelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Catecholamine‐containing cells in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia californica

Croll

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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Previous studies have suggested the presence of numerous catecholamine-containing cells in both the central ganglia and peripheral tissues of Aplysia, but they often offered conflicting or incomplete accounts of numbers, locations, and morphologies. The current study combines aldehyde-induced histofluorescence and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity together with confocal microscopy to provide details of these cells. Approximately 35-50 neurones in the cerebral ganglia, 4-8 neurones in the pedal ganglia, 5 neurones in the buccal ganglia, and numerous small fibres in various nerve trunks exhibited both immunoreactivity and aldehyde-induced fluorescence. Approximately 20 cells in the pedal ganglia and 4 cells in the buccal ganglia exhibited only immunoreactivity whereas 15-20 neurons in the cerebral ganglia exhibited only aldehyde-induced fluorescence. No somata in the pleural or abdominal ganglia exhibited aldehyde-induced fluorescence or immunoreactivity. Both aldehyde-induced histofluorescence and immunoreactivity also labelled what appeared to be two classes of catecholamine-containing cells in the gill, siphon, oesophagus, rhinophore, tentacle, and reproductive organs. The more numerous, but smaller cells had subepithelial somata and processes penetrating the overlying body wall, thus suggesting a sensory function. Another class of neurones had larger somata, often located more deeply within the tissue, and occasionally appeared to be multipolar. Processes from these various peripheral cells appeared to comprise the major component of afferent fibres and to form an extensive peripheral plexus, often associated with various muscles. The morphologies of the peripheral cells thus suggest involvement in both local and centrally mediated reflexes and responses, but additional studies must test such hypothesised functions and determine the sensory modalities that the cells mediate.

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Section: Specificity Of Labelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The tissues were then incubated for 2-3 days in a monoclonal antibody raised against rat TH (IncStar, Diasorin, Stillwater, MN) as described previously (Hernadi et al, 1993;Sakharov et al, 1996;Voronezhskaya et al, 1999). The antibody was diluted 1:250 dilution in blocking solution.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry On Whole-mounted Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholamine‐containing cells in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia californica

Croll

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a subset of neurons that exhibits glyoxylate-induced fluorescence does not contain THli (Sakharov et al, 1996;Croll et al, 1999;. In juvenile lobsters, DAli and THli were present in nearly identical patterns of cell bodies, but some THli fibers appeared to lack DAli (Cournil et al, 1994).…”

Section: Dopamine and Gaba As Neurotransmitters In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 94%

Colocalization of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐like immunoreactivity and catecholamines in the feeding network of Aplysia californica

Díaz‐Ríos

Oyola

Miller

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Functional consequences of neurotransmitter coexistence and cotransmission can be readily studied in certain experimentally favorable invertebrate motor systems. In this study, whole-mount histochemical methods were used to identify neurons in which gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactivity (GABAli) was colocalized with catecholamine histofluorescence (CAh; FaGlu method) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactivity (THli) in the feeding motor circuitry (buccal and cerebral ganglia) of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica. In agreement with previous reports, five neurons in the buccal ganglia were found to exhibit CAh. These included the paired B20 buccal-cerebral interneurons (BCIs), the paired B65 buccal interneurons, and an unpaired cell with projections to both cerebral-buccal connectives (CBCs). Experiments in which the FaGlu method was combined with the immunohistochemical detection of GABA revealed double labeling of all five of these neurons. An antibody generated against TH, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, was used to obtain an independent determination of GABA-CA colocalization. Biocytin backfills of the CBC performed in conjunction with TH immunohistochemistry revealed labeling of the rostral B20 cell pair and the unpaired CBI near the caudal surface of the right hemiganglion. THli was also present in a prominent bilateral pair of caudal neurons that were not stained with CBC backfills. On the basis of their position, size, shape, and lack of CBC projections, the lateral THli neurons were identified as B65. Double-labeling immunohistochemical experiments revealed GABAli in all five buccal THli neurons. Finally, GABAli was observed in individual B20 and B65 neurons that were identified using electrophysiological criteria and injected with a marker (neurobiotin). Similar methods were used to demonstrate that a previously identified catecholaminergic cerebral-buccal interneuron (CBI) designated CBI-1 contained THli but did not contain GABAli. Although numerous THli and GABAli neurons and fibers were present in the cerebral and buccal ganglia, additional instances of their colocalization were not observed. These findings indicate that GABA and a catecholamine (probably dopamine) are colocalized in a limited number of interneurons within the central pattern generator circuits that control feeding-related behaviors in Aplysia.

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“…Notably, different antibodies against dopamine were used in these two investigations. Additional studies that examined the distribution of catecholamines in Lymnaea and additional mollusks likewise failed to detect them in the CGC or its homologs (Salimova et al 1987;Herna´di et al 1993;Herna´di and Elekes 1995;Sakharov et al 1996;Croll 2001).…”

Section: ''Giant'' Serotonergic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Colocalization and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: An Invertebrate Perspective

Miller

2008

Co-Existence and Co-Release of Classical Neurotransmitters

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Once considered a curiosity, the notion that individual neurons can contain more than one classical neurotransmitter has gained increasing credibility in recent years. Several contributions to the growing recognition of classical neurotransmitter colocalization and cotransmission originate from studies using invertebrate nervous systems. Some of these model systems contain large identified neurons that contribute to well-understood circuits and networks. They therefore enable investigators to pose questions that are presently beyond the technical limitations of experimental approaches to mammalian brain function. This chapter reviews our current understanding of classical neurotransmitter colocalization and cotransmission in invertebrates. It focuses on identified neurons that could enable assessment of cotransmitter contributions to synaptic signals and neural network function. Major gaps in our present conception of classical neurotransmitter colocalization and cotransmission are emphasized, with an aim toward stimulating further study of their physiological and functional consequences.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase-negative, dopaminergic neurons are targets for transmitter-depleting action of haloperidol in the snail brain

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Catecholamine‐containing cells in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia californica

Catecholamine‐containing cells in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia californica

Colocalization of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐like immunoreactivity and catecholamines in the feeding network of Aplysia californica

Colocalization and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: An Invertebrate Perspective

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