Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive somata within the primate subfornical organ: species specificity

Kordower, Jeffrey H.; Sladek, John R.; Fiandaca, Massimo S.; Bing, Guoying; Gash, Don M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90253-3

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To confirm the findings seen with the doubleimmunofluorescence protocol, a double-label immunoperoxidase procedure was employed using nickel-DAB-H 2 O 2 and DAB-H 2 O 2 as chromogens for the two different antigens (Hsu and Soban, 1982;Kordower et al, 1988;Mufson et al, 1989Mufson et al, , 1993Mufson et al, , 1998). Nickel-DAB-H 2 O 2 produces a black reaction product that masks the antibodies previously added to the sections and allows a second antigen to be detected with a subsequently added antibody.…”

Section: Double-label Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

B2 bradykinin receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain

et al. 2000

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Bradykinin has long been known to exist in the central nervous system and has been hypothesized to mediate specific functions. Despite an increasing understanding of the functions of bradykinin, little is known about the cell types expressing the bradykinin receptor within the brain. The present investigation employed a monoclonal antibody directed against the 15-amino-acid portion of the C-terminal of the human bradykinin B2 receptor to establish the cellular distribution of bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat brain. Bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity was ubiquitously and selectively observed in neurons, including those within the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem nuclei. Bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity was also present in the circumventricular organs including choroid plexus, subfornical organ, median eminence, and area postrema. Double-labeling experiments colocalizing the bradykinin B2 receptor with the neuronal marker NeuN or the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein revealed that virtually 100% of the bradykinin B2 receptor-immunoreactive positive cells were neurons. The widespread distribution of bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity in neuronal compartments suggests a greater than previously appreciated role for this peptide in neuronal function.

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Section: Double-label Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

B2 bradykinin receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain

et al. 2000

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“…The reaction then terminated in washes in the sodium acetate/imidazole buffer. Additional sections were stained for tyrosine hydroxylaseor choline acetyltransferse immunohistochemistry or for Nissl substance with cresyl violet acetate (1%; pH 3.3; see Kordower et al, 1988Kordower et al, , 1989 for methodological details) to aid in cytoarchitectonic delineation of brain structures.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor ?-immunoreactivity in the monkey central nervous system

Jh¹,

Yaping-Chu²,

MacLennan³

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) sustains the viability and phenotypic expression of a variety of neuronal populations in the central nervous system. Cranial and spinal motor neurons are particularly sensitive to the trophic effects of CNTF, and clinical trials are underway testing the potential therapeutic value of this trophic factor in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Yet, the distribution of the alpha subunit of the receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTFR alpha), which is essential for the trophic effects of CNTF to occur, is unknown in any primate species. Towards this end, the present study used a polyclonal antibody directed against CNTFR alpha to evaluate the distribution of CNTFR alpha-immunoreactive (-ir) cells within the brain and spinal cord of Cebus apella monkeys. CNTFR alpha-ir was found exclusively within neurons. In the anterior horn of the spinal cord, virtually all motor neurons were darkly immunoreactive for CNTFR alpha. A similar pattern of CNTFR alpha-ir was seen within all cranial motor nuclei with general somatic efferent function (III, IV, motor V, VI, VII, and XII cranial nerves). CNTFR alpha-ir was also seen in other regions involved with motor function including the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, the substantia nigra pars compacta, red nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of X cranial nerve, and giant neurons of sensory motor neocortex. A few CNTFR alpha-ir neurons were seen within the globus pallidus with concomitant terminal-like staining within the subthalamic nucleus. Autonomic regions such as the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the interomedial lateral cell column of the thoracic spinal cord also contained CNTFR alpha-ir neurons. Finally, the hippocampus displayed dense CNTFR alpha-ir within the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal formation and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. The dense expression of this CNTFR alpha protein within regions subserving motor, autonomic, and sensory functions suggests that CNTFR alpha supports many central nervous system regions with diverse functions.

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“…Sections were processed for the light microscopic visualization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine p-hydroxylase (DfiH), phenylethanolamine n-methyl transferase (PNMT), and chromogranin A according to previously published procedures (Fiandata et al, 1988;Kordower et al, 1988Kordower et al, , 1990b. Briefly, endogenous peroxidase activity was eliminated with a 20 min incubation in 0.1 M sodium periodate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

et al. 1993

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Previous investigations have demonstrated that adrenal chromaffin cells survive poorly when grafted into the striatum of rodents, nonhuman primates, and patients with Parkinson's disease. This poor survival has been attributed to the low levels of endogenous NGF within the striatum. However, chromaffin cells isolated from the nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) have recently been demonstrated to survive grafting into a number of CNS sites. The present study determined whether nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla may be responsible for poor graft survival. We compared the survival of intrastriatally grafted isolated bovine chromaffin cells with that observed following implantation of either perfused adrenal medullary suspensions containing all adrenal medullary cell types or isolated chromaffin cells that were then reseeded with autologous fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Implants of perfused adrenal medullary cells survived poorly and most graft sites were infiltrated with macrophages. The chromaffin cells in this group that did survive appeared to be in the process of degeneration. In contrast, large numbers of isolated chromaffin cells survived for up to 2 months following transplantation. These cells maintained their endocrine phenotype and stained for all enzymatic markers of catecholamine synthesis as well as chromogranin A. Morphologically, these cells resembled chromaffin cells seen in situ and the perigraft region was essentially devoid of macrophages. When isolated chromaffin cells were reseeded with autologous fibroblasts and endothelial cells, the implants degenerated and few, if any, surviving chromaffin cells were observed. Interestingly, these latter grafts induced a host- derived sprouting response of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers. These data demonstrate that large numbers of adrenal chromaffin cells can survive intrastriatal implantation in the absence of exposure to exogenous NGF. Rather, the nonchromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) appear to compromise the viability of grafted chromaffin cells. Once they are eliminated from the graft, robust survival of chromaffin cells occurs. If clinical trials employing adrenal medullary grafts are still to be considered for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, isolation of the chromaffin cells should be considered to enhance graft viability.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive somata within the primate subfornical organ: species specificity

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

B2 bradykinin receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain

B2 bradykinin receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain

Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor ?-immunoreactivity in the monkey central nervous system

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

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