Typology development of earthquake displays in free-choice learning environments, to inform earthquake early warning education in the United States

Sumy, D. F.; Jenkins, Mariah R.; McBride, Sara K.; Groot, Robert-Michael de

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102802

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…To address earthquake hazards and establish strategies in various countries, EEWs are currently subjected to various research initiatives (e.g., Minson et al, 2018;Santos-Reyes, 2019;McBride et al, 2020;Ahn, 2021;Bostrom et al, 2022;Dallo et al, 2022;Sumy et al, 2022;Sutton et al, 2022). Similar strategies for earthquake responses are evolving to suit the characteristics of each country.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Ahn,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Earthquake early warning (EEW) technology, designed to alert the public of earthquake risks after initial P-wave detection but before the onset of strong tremors, has developed rapidly. Methodologies from various fields are combined in EEW systems to estimate earthquake locations, magnitudes, and expected intensities based on the initial P-wave data. These systems operate automatically because prompt responses are required. However, as no common evaluation framework for EEW system verification exists, potentially divergent evaluations from reviewers or countries could ensue. Moreover, evaluating EEW systems is more complicated when the target area does not experience frequent earthquakes. We aimed to establish a guidance review process for low-seismicity areas to ensure reliable and stable integrated EEW system operation. We incorporated management aspects through actual system operator surveillance and designed an EEW assessment process based on feedback from our surveys. Using this approach, we created a comprehensive and well-informed evaluation process that considers the diverse perspectives of experts involved in EEWs. Our proposed assessment method allows for a uniform and consistent evaluation process, regardless of changes in the methods or technologies used by EEW systems. The method aims to guide EEW system assessments in low-seismicity areas.

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Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Ahn,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Raccanello et al [24] created a web application to promote emotional knowledge about earthquakes. Also, the use of the ShakeAlert system automatically disables actions set to minimize earthquake damage, injury, and loss of life, helping the individual take personal protective actions such as "Fall, Cover, and Hold On" [25].…”

Section: Technology and Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Scale for Evaluating Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes: A Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Analysis

Sancar,

Cavus

2023

Sustainability

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New digital technology trends have the potential to mitigate the effects of earthquakes and improve response and recovery efforts such as earthquake prediction, emergency call-out, and earthquake location notification. Earthquake readiness makes it necessary to have a digitally prepared society. However, no scale has been found in the literature that can measure the digital attitudes and skills of individuals regarding earthquakes. For this reason, to fill this gap in the literature, this descriptive research study aimed to develop an original, valid, and reliable scale to determine the digital readiness of individuals toward earthquakes. Data were collected from 621 adult individuals with different socioeconomic characteristics using the convenience sampling method. An item pool was created through a comprehensive literature review, followed by a series of analyses encompassing content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, reliability analysis, and item analysis in the course of the scale’s development process. For the digital readiness toward earthquakes, the Draft scale, with 21 items remaining, a KMO value (0.894), and a Bartlett sphericity test result of χ2 (91) = 2407.76 (p < 0.001) showed the suitability of the data for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). As a result of the EFA, 14 items were categorized into two dimensions based on whether their eigenvalues exceeded 1. The explained variance was 46.823% (eigenvalue = 6.555) in the first factor, while it was 12.832% (eigenvalue = 1.796) in the second factor, and the total variance was 59.655%. After analyzing the scale’s items within these dimensions, the first dimension was named “Technological Skills”, comprising eight items, and the second dimensions was named “Digital Attitudes”, consisting of six items. The factor loadings for these items ranged from 0.562 to 0.900. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) affirmed the factorial structure identified by the EFA. For the five-point Likert-type Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes scale, named the DRE scale, with 14 items after validity analyses, Cronbach’s alpha value was obtained as 0.910, demonstrating high internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha values of the two factors were 0.910 for the “Technological Skills” dimension and 0.837 for the “Digital Attitudes” dimension. It was concluded that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement in evaluating the digital readiness of individuals toward earthquakes.

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“…On the other hand, twelve displays are located in California, Oregon, and Washington. In earthquake-prone regions of Unites States, displays increasingly get attention (Sumy et al, 2022).…”

Section: United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Position and Importance of Earthquake Education in the World

KORKMAZ

2023

Educatione

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Earthquake education is significant for students to raise awareness and improve knowledge related to earthquakes. Literature on earthquakes emphasizes that people with high awareness and increased knowledge can effectively cope with the devastating effects. At this point, traditional teaching methods, such as drills and theoretical lessons, are inadequate, but innovative methods like virtual reality (VR) technology is more promising. However, there is no consensus on the ideal type of earthquake education. In the world, earthquake education significantly differs. Even though some countries are located in regions that are prone to earthquakes, they do not consider earthquake education in schools. On the other hand, several countries include earthquake education in school curricula. Existing literature demonstrates the insufficiency of current earthquake education in countries like Mexico and Israel. Students have deficiencies in knowledge related to the earthquake in spite of the implementation of earthquake education in schools. Reviewing different countries implementing earthquake education allows us to create an ideal type of earthquake education. Therefore, this review aims to investigate earthquake education in different countries.

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Typology development of earthquake displays in free-choice learning environments, to inform earthquake early warning education in the United States

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

A Novel Scale for Evaluating Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes: A Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Analysis

The Position and Importance of Earthquake Education in the World

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