Typologies of Helicopter Parenting in American and Chinese Young-Adults’ Game and Social Media Addictive Behaviors

Helicopter parenting during emerging adulthood: Consequences for career identity and adaptability

“…Sixth, this research does not adequately address any cross-cultural variation in emerging adult views toward helicopter parenting. While a growing body of literature supports the pervasiveness of helicopter parenting as a global phenomenon (e.g., Australia- Locke et al, 2012 ; Korea- Kwon et al, 2016 ; Scharf et al, 2017 ; Leung and Shek, 2018 ; Cui et al, 2019 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ), the current study is not comparative, and therefore further research with more diverse ethnic groups is warranted to confirm our findings in regard to the career outcomes of identity and adaptability. For example, research indicates that Chinese students report higher rates, but not greater strength, of helicopter parenting compared to American students ( Hwang et al, 2022 ).…”

“…While a growing body of literature supports the pervasiveness of helicopter parenting as a global phenomenon (e.g., Australia- Locke et al, 2012 ; Korea- Kwon et al, 2016 ; Scharf et al, 2017 ; Leung and Shek, 2018 ; Cui et al, 2019 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ), the current study is not comparative, and therefore further research with more diverse ethnic groups is warranted to confirm our findings in regard to the career outcomes of identity and adaptability. For example, research indicates that Chinese students report higher rates, but not greater strength, of helicopter parenting compared to American students ( Hwang et al, 2022 ). This may in part be due to the role of traditional Confucian norms around parent-child interactions, such as simultaneous high levels of control and intense support ( Lee and Kang, 2018 ), often well into adulthood ( Kwon et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Fourth, recent research has argued that there may be several different profiles, or classes, of helicopter parenting ( Padilla-Walker et al, 2021 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ). Additionally, the numbers of profiles and prevalence of each profile, differs between mothers and fathers ( Padilla-Walker et al, 2021 ).…”

Effects of Helicopter Parenting on Tutoring Engagement and Continued Attendance at Cram Schools

“…Hovering behavior refers to helicopter parents paying too much attention to their children ( Hong et al, 2015 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ). Participants in this study had a low awareness of life hovering ( M = 2.30, SD = 0.78) and coursework hovering ( M = 2.07, SD = 0.81).…”

Can helicopter parenting be beneficial for parent–child relationships? A person-centered approach in the United States and South Korea

“…Nonetheless, there have been quite mixed (positive, negative, or neutral) results on child outcomes. More recent studies using a person-centered approach, such as latent class analysis, have shown that helicopter parenting may not be a singular construct, but rather a complex and multidimensional construct (Hwang et al, 2022;Love et al, 2022). Therefore, in this study, we investigate the multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood between the United States (United States hereafter) and South Korea (Korea hereafter).…”