Typological Design Strategy of FOA′s Architecture

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of architectural typology as a design methodology in contemporary architecture. Thus far, type and typology has been considered purely theoretical or conventional methodology in practice. The use of 'type' as a tool in the design process has led to 'typification' of design that discourages the emergence of new formal structures. Despite the criticism of traditional typology, the works of FOA provide a clue to redefining and reinterpreting the subject of typology, which enables us to operate appropriately in constantly shifting environments. The transformations inherent in FOA's works include the following features. Firstly, the concept of type as an imitable precedent was replaced by an abstract and topological structure of form. Secondly, repetition and reproduction of types were complemented by the protocol of evolution and proliferation. Lastly, the traditional classification system based on the relationships between specific form and function turned into a hierarchical classification system of spatial structure by which formal diversity can be acquired.

The Spatial Evolution and Characteristics of Korean Ethnic Dwellings in the Tumen River Basin

“…At the present, type and typology have been considered conventional methodology in practice (Im and Han, 2015). We used the research method of Architectural Typology to compare the dwellings spatial in different periods.…”

Factors Influencing Tourist Satisfaction: a study in Hsipaw Township, Myanmar

“…However, throughout the era, the interpretation and meaning of typology has changed throughout three main eras -the Renaissance, modernism and neo-rationalist perspectives (Syahidah Amni Mohamed et al, 2017;Guney 2007). During the Renaissance era, the proponent of the Rationalist theory like Quincy regarded type as the fundamental principle of architecture, which cannot be further reduced (Amole 2007) and perceived as metaphorical imitation of nature (Im & Han, 2015). During this period type can be symbolised by model, matrix, imprint, mould and figure in relief (Guney, 2007).…”

“…Quincy defined typology as an abstract, basic, generic, indivisible principle of form as a useful analytical approach that can reveal the generic characteristics of the 'type' (Amole, 2007). Im & Han (2015) discussed the changes in relation to historical transformation of types and typology concepts by examining three developing stages based on methodological interpretationtype as a fundamental principle of architecture; type as manual for architecture; and type as production tool for architecture (Refer to Table 1). Type as fundamental principal of architecture is similar to the above discussion on how types was introduced and interpreted during the Renaissance period.…”

“…Durand also used descriptive geometry to classify buildings, which result to the development of the Modernist idea of prototype (Guney, 2007). Type as a production tool for a new norm was the new interpretation of Gropius who founded Bauhaus (Im & Han, 2015) which marked the starting point of the Modernist movement, an era lasting for more than 30 years. Modernism swept the world for the standardised International style, hence, the focus on types as standardisation and emphasis on mass production of building through the prototypes without taking into account socio-culture, history and regional variation.…”

Climatically and culturally responsive typologies using mathematical permutation

“…The typology of a house is based on the relationship between the built environmentthe dwellingand the household (Smith, 2014). Several delimitations of typology have been proposed such as the imitation and reproduction of exemplary precedents (Quatreḿere, Rossi), the formation of types through a composition of elements according to manuals (Durand, Krier) and as the repeated application of design norms under universal conditions (Gropius, Le Corbusier) (Im and Han, 2015). Jean Durand, a French author and architect, expounded typology into a platonic prototype during the 19th century.…”