Typo-technological, elemental and lead isotopic characterization and interpretation of Đông Sơn miniature drums

Copper-base metal supply during the northern Vietnamese Bronze and Iron Ages: metallographic, elemental, and lead isotope data from Dai Trach, Thành Dên, Gò Mun, and Xuân Lâp

“…For our Iron Age north Vietnamese samples, seven out of ten are leaded bronze; there is as yet no means to provenance to a regional lead source, as no such production site has been excavated and studied (Pryce 2012). The present study's lead signatures are broadly consistent with those of other Iron Age MSEA leaded samples (Pryce et al 2014), and in particular those recently analysed from the actual Đông Sơn site (Le Meur et al 2021). This patterning suggests a common source or sources of lead used in Iron Age northern Vietnam, though there are outliers.…”

“…The Phùng Nguyên culture's status as a part-Bronze Age rather than entirely Neolithic period is somewhat disputed, and in any event we were unable to access samples from Phùng Nguyên sites. We do though have a selection of 28 samples from four sites spanning the Đồng Đậu (14), Gò Mun (4), and Đông Sơn (10) cultures (see also Le Meur et al 2021;Pryce et al 2014 for Iron Age northern Vietnamese metallurgical data). There is an extensive and growing database for MSEA Iron Age (ca.…”