Typing of intimin (eae) genes from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea in Montevideo, Uruguay: identification of two novel intimin variants (μB and ξR/β2B)

Blanco, Miguel; Blanco, Jesús E.; Dahbi, Ghizlane; Mora, Azucena; Alonso, Marı́a Pilar; Varela, Gustavo; Gadea, María Pilar; Schelotto, Felipé; González, Enrique A.; Blanco, Jorge

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.46518-0

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…O86:H34 strains have also been shown to possess cytolethal distending toxin, while EAF ϩ O55:H6, O119:H6, O127:H6, An interesting finding of this study was the prevalence of the O55:[h51] clone among the strains isolated in Guinea-Bissau. Strains with this serotype have previously been described as relatively minor members of the O55 serogroup and have been reportedly isolated only in South America (6,57). It is possible that O55:[h51] strains are simply common among children in Guinea-Bissau, or their higher prevalence may be due to sampling bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution of Typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling

et al. 2007

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections are a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing nations. Typical EPEC isolates are differentiated from other types of pathogenic E. coli by two distinctive phenotypes, attaching effacement and localized adherence. The genes specifying these phenotypes are found on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. To describe how typical EPEC has evolved, we characterized a diverse collection of strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of three virulence genes (eae, bfpA, and perA) to assess allelic variation. Among 129 strains representing 20 O-serogroups, 21 clonal genotypes were identified using MLST. RFLP analysis resolved nine eae, nine bfpA, and four perA alleles. Each bfpA allele was associated with only one perA allele class, suggesting that recombination has not played a large role in shuffling the bfpA and perA loci between separate EAF plasmids. The distribution of eae alleles among typical EPEC strains is more concordant with the clonal relationships than the distribution of the EAF plasmid types. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that the EPEC pathotype has evolved multiple times within E. coli through separate acquisitions of the LEE island and EAF plasmid.Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infections are a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing nations (31, 37). A key characteristic of EPEC strains is the ability to intimately attach to intestinal epithelial cells and create attaching and effacing (AE) lesions (24). The AE phenotype is specified by genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a ϳ35-kb pathogenicity island located in the bacterial chromosome (23, 41). The LEE island comprises approximately 40 genes and encodes the components of a type III secretion system, various effector molecules, and the intimin adhesin (23,33,68). Intimin plays a crucial role in AE lesion formation (15) and is encoded by the highly polymorphic eae gene (1, 72), which can be divided into periplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains (39). To date, more than 25 major allelic variants of eae have been described (36).Most typical EPEC strains fall into one of two phylogenetically distinct groups or clonal lineages, designated EPEC 1 and EPEC 2 (69), and differ from atypical EPEC and other types of pathogenic E. coli by their ability to form microcolonies on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells (4). This phenotype, termed localized adherence (LA), correlates with the presence of a large virulence plasmid called the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid (18). The EAF plasmids from different EPEC strains show considerable variation in size (ϳ85 to 110 kb) (48) and, presumably, gene content. Comparison of the complete EAF plasmid sequences from two prototypical EPEC strains (O127:H6 EPEC 1 strain E2348/69 and O111:NM EPEC 2 strain B171) indicates that the EPEC 2 plasmid of B171 carries fewer genes (80 v...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution of Typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling

et al. 2007

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“…O and H antigen determination was performed as previously described (24). XbaI PFGE analysis was performed as previously described (2). Profiles were compared digitally using BioNumerics software (Applied Maths).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of CTX-M Enzymes but High Prevalence of Clones, Including Clone ST131, among Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Subjects Living in the Area of Paris, France

et al. 2008

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Quinolone-resistant and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolates belonging to clone ST131 have been reported in the community. This study was designed to identify these E. coli isolates in the stools of 332 independent healthy subjects living in the area of Paris, France. Stools were plated on media without antibiotics, in order to obtain the dominant (Dm) fecal E. coli strain, and with nalidixic acid (NAL) and cefotaxime. Quinolone susceptibility, phylogenetic groups, and molecular profiles, including multilocus sequence types (ST), were determined for all NAL-resistant (NAL-R) isolates. Groups were also determined for the Dm strains from participants with NAL-R isolates and from a subgroup without NAL-R isolates. All B2 isolates were typed; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed for the ST131 isolates, and the results were compared with those for intercontinental clone ST131. Two participants (0.6%) had extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase-producing (SHV-2, TEM-52) fecal E. coli isolates, and 51 (15%) had NAL-R isolates; 51% of NAL-R isolates belonged to phylogenetic group A, 31% to group D, 16% to group B2, and 2% to group B1. The Dm strain was NAL-R in 3.3% of the 332 subjects. Forty-nine percent of the NAL-R isolates belonged to clones: ST10 and ST606 for group A isolates, ST117 and ST393 for group D isolates. Of all B2 isolates studied from 100 subjects (8 NAL-R strains; 19 NAL-susceptible dominant strains), 52% belonged to three clones: ST131 (n ‫؍‬ 7), ST95 (n ‫؍‬ 4), and ST141 (n ‫؍‬ 3). This is the first study to show the presence of fecal E. coli isolates of clone ST131 in 7% of independent healthy subjects not colonized by CTX-M-15-producing isolates.Escherichia coli, a universal commensal of humans and several animal species, is also one of the most common enterobacterial species to cause extraintestinal infections in their hosts (30). According to several recent publications, E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBL) of the CTX-M type have emerged in the community in numerous countries (25)(26)(27)(28). These isolates resist extended-spectrum cephalosporins because of CTX-M production and are often resistant to other antibiotic families, in particular fluoroquinolones and/or cotrimoxazole (28). This pattern of multidrug resistance is dangerous for the treatment of communityacquired infections, because these drugs are often prescribed by general practitioners, especially for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Moreover, a clonal group producing CTX-M-15 has been identified among fluoroquinolone-resistant and CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates (phylogenetic group B2, O25:H4, ST131) in both inpatients and outpatients all over the world, strongly suggesting that this clone can disseminate widely (20).Because of these recent data and because the main reservoir of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates is the human digestive tract (8), the aim of this study was to identify CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates and E. coli clone ST131 in the guts of healthy adult subjects living ...

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“…Typical EPEC are transmitted from human to human via the faecal-oral route, and as countries become more industrialized, the relative incidence of tEPEC infection decreases, probably as a result of improved sanitation. However, the epidemiology of aEPEC is different; associated diarrhoeal disease remains a public health issue even in developed countries (Blanco et al, 2006). Although a strong association between aEPEC and endemic diarrhoea has not been demonstrated, large outbreaks have been reported (Moller-Stray et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pathogenic <i>Escherichia Coli</i> from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

Islam¹,

Rahman²,

Nahar³

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were 66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in 64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were 100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.

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Typing of intimin (eae) genes from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea in Montevideo, Uruguay: identification of two novel intimin variants (μB and ξR/β2B)

Cited by 81 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Evolution of Typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling

Molecular Evolution of Typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling

Absence of CTX-M Enzymes but High Prevalence of Clones, Including Clone ST131, among Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Subjects Living in the Area of Paris, France

Investigation of Pathogenic <i>Escherichia Coli</i> from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

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