Typical ventilatory pattern of the intact locust is produced by the isolated CNS

Bustami, H.P; Hustert, Reinhold

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(00)00050-0

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Backfilling the frontal connectives resulted in staining several neurons in the subesophageal ganglion and in thoracic ganglia all the way to the metathoracic ganglion, in which a single neural cell body was stained (Zilberstein and Ayali, unpublished finding). The metathoracic ganglion is where the locust ventilation central pattern generator resides [129].…”

Section: Neuromodulation Of the Frontal Ganglion Central Pattern Genementioning

confidence: 99%

The Insect Frontal Ganglion and Stomatogastric Pattern Generator Networks

Ayali¹

2004

Neurosignals

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Insect neural networks have been widely and successfully employed as model systems in the study of the neural basis of behavior. The insect frontal ganglion is a principal part of the stomatogastric nervous system and is found in most insect orders. The frontal ganglion constitutes a major source of innervation to foregut muscles and plays a key role in the control of foregut movements. Following a brief description of the anatomy and development of the system in different insect groups, this review presents the current knowledge of the way neural networks in the insect frontal ganglion generate and control behavior. The frontal ganglion is instrumental in two distinct and fundamental insect behaviors: feeding and molting. Central pattern-generating circuit(s) within the frontal ganglion generates foregut rhythmic motor patterns. The frontal ganglion networks can be modulated in-vitro by several neuromodulators to generate a variety of motor outputs. Chemical modulation as well as sensory input from the gut and input from other neural centers enable the frontal ganglion to induce foregut rhythmic patterns under different physiological conditions. Frontal ganglion neurons themselves are also an important source of neurosecretion. The neurosecretory material from the frontal ganglion can control and modulate motor patterns of muscles of the alimentary canal. The current and potential future importance of the insect stomatogastric nervous system and frontal ganglion in the study of the neural mechanisms of behavior are discussed.

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Section: Neuromodulation Of the Frontal Ganglion Central Pattern Genementioning

confidence: 99%

The Insect Frontal Ganglion and Stomatogastric Pattern Generator Networks

Ayali¹

2004

Neurosignals

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“…If the corresponding segmental ganglion is under an 0 2 deficit its neurons induce spiracle opening. Although spontaneous neural rhythms regulating the abdominal ventilatory muscles have been measured in the posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal ganglia in other insect orders (Blattodea: Myers andRetzlaff 1963, Farley et al 1967;Odonata: Mill 1970;Saltatoria: Miller 1981, Bustami & Hustert 2000, no electrophysiological data of comparable rhythms from the ventral nerve cord exist as yet in adult Lepidoptera. However, the rising C0 2 content in the hemolymph around the ganglion has no effect on spiracle activity, but the closer muscle of the spiracle reacts directly upon high C0 2 concentrations by relaxation after being denervated (Beckel & Schneiderman 1957).…”

Section: Neural Control Of Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

7. Respiratory system

Wasserthal¹

2003

Band 4: Arthropoda, 2 Hälfte: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Teilband/Part 36, Vol 2: Morphology, Physiology, And

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“…Comparable systems with autonomous and spontaneous neuronal rhythms are known from other isolated insect ganglia which coordinate, e.g. locust respiration [18,36], cricket oviposition [35], and feeding patterns of Drosophila larvae [37]. The autonomous cpg rhythms of these systems appear more “natural” than those which require pharmacological or permanent sensory stimulation such as insect walking [38,39], flying [40], and feeding [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: functional morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor

et al. 2014

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IntroductionIn insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their functional morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control.ResultsThe lumen of the four long ovipositor valves is subdivided by longitudinal septa of connective tissue into efferent and afferent hemolymph sinuses which are confluent distally. The countercurrent flow in these sinuses is effected by pulsatile organs which are located at the bases of the ovipositor valves. Each of the four organs consists of a pumping chamber which is compressed by rhythmically contracting muscles. The morphology of the paired organs is laterally mirrored, and there are differences in some details between the dorsal and ventral organs. The compression of the pumping chambers of each valve pair occurs with a left-right alternating rhythm with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz and is synchronized between the dorsal and ventral organs. The more anteriorly located genital chamber shows rhythmical lateral movements simultaneous to those of the ovipositor pulsatile organs and probably supports the hemolymph exchange in the abdominal apex region. The left-right alternating rhythm is produced by a central pattern generator located in the terminal ganglion. It requires no sensory feedback for its output since it persists in the completely isolated ganglion. Rhythm-modulating and rhythm-resetting interneurons are identified in the terminal ganglion.ConclusionThe circulatory organs of the cricket ovipositor have a unique functional morphology. The pumping apparatus at the base of each ovipositor valve operates like a bellow. It forces hemolymph via sinuses delimited by thin septa of connective tissue in a countercurrent flow through the valve lumen. The pumping activity is based on neurogenic control by a central pattern generator in the terminal ganglion.

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Typical ventilatory pattern of the intact locust is produced by the isolated CNS

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

The Insect Frontal Ganglion and Stomatogastric Pattern Generator Networks

The Insect Frontal Ganglion and Stomatogastric Pattern Generator Networks

7. Respiratory system

A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: functional morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor

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