Typical organic fouling in the electrodialysis concentration/desalination process of shale gas fracturing flowback water

Abstract

Electrodialysis (ED) is a perspective technology in the treatment and reclamation of fracturing flowback water (FFW).

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H1.33Mn1.67O4 Composite Granular Adsorbents

“…China has the world's largest reserves of shale gas, with technically recoverable resources reaching 31.6 × 10 12 m 3 . 14 However, the process of extracting shale gas using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques generates enormous amounts of shale gas wastewater (SGW). 15,16 The composition of SGW is complex, with high concentrations of salt, heavy metals, various organic compounds, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and many other potentially hazardous substances, posing environmental threats and technological challenges related to its treatment.…”

“…Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas resource that predominantly comprises methane. China has the world’s largest reserves of shale gas, with technically recoverable resources reaching 31.6 × 10 12 m 3 . However, the process of extracting shale gas using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques generates enormous amounts of shale gas wastewater (SGW). , The composition of SGW is complex, with high concentrations of salt, heavy metals, various organic compounds, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and many other potentially hazardous substances, posing environmental threats and technological challenges related to its treatment. − Consequently, new approaches have been proposed for SGW management that also enable the recovery of valuable elements, such as rare earth elements, uranium, and lithium, which could not only provide revenue to offset the cost of SGW treatment but also augment the supply of strategic resources. ,− The median concentration of lithium in SGW in the Sichuan Basin and Marcellus Basin is 33 and 95 mg/L, , respectively, indicating the potential of SGW as a lithium resource.…”